Evaluation of the Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children
- Conditions
- Venous Thrombosis
- Interventions
- Other: No InterventionOther: Conventional duration (3 months) of anticoagulant therapyOther: Shortened duration (6 weeks) of anticoagulant therapy
- Registration Number
- NCT00687882
- Lead Sponsor
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
- Brief Summary
The Kids-DOTT trial is a randomized controlled clinical trial whose primary objective is to evaluate non-inferiority of shortened-duration (6 weeks) versus conventional-duration (3 months) anticoagulation in children with first-episode acute venous thrombosis. The first stage of the trial has consisted of a pilot/feasibility component, which then continues as the definitively-powered trial.
- Detailed Description
Children (birth to 21 years of age, inclusive) with first-episode venous thrombosis in association with a reversible clinical trigger (key exclusions: history of cancer; severe thrombophilia state disclosed) are enrolled and prescribed anticoagulation according to the clinical standard of care and American College of Physicians (Chest journal) 2012 recommendations. At the 6 week (post-diagnosis) follow-up visit, repeat radiologic imaging is performed to determine residual thrombus burden and its degree of occlusion. In addition, those subjects with antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) disclosed at enrollment will undergo repeat APA testing.
Patients with residual occlusive thrombosis or persistent APA are excluded from randomization, and followed on parallel cohort arms (observational), with conventional anticoagulation durations. All other patients are randomized to a total anticoagulant duration of 6 weeks versus 3 months. Children are followed for primary efficacy endpoints of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and primary safety endpoints of clinically-relevant bleeding (major plus clinically-relevant non-major, as per International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee \[Journal of Thrombosis \& Haemostasis\] 2012 definitions/recommendations).
Children are followed through 2 years (with primary endpoint at 1 year). Those with deep venous thromboses affecting venous return from the limbs also undergo standardized post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) outcome assessment using the Manco-Johnson pediatric PTS instrument.
The non-inferiority analysis uses a bivariate endpoint approach, modeling the inherent clinical trade-off between the risks of recurrent VTE and bleeding. The trial will enroll 750 children across 40 participating centers, and allows for a 25% rate of exclusion from the per-protocol population due to randomization non-eligibility (i.e. parallel cohort), withdrawal/loss to follow-up, and protocol non-adherence.
A sub-study, completed in late 2013, used investigational dalteparin in lieu of formulary low molecular weight heparin (typically enoxaparin) in those children who were clinically prescribed a low molecular weight heparin for sub-acute anticoagulation. The goal of this sub-study was to report dose-finding and outcomes data in children treated with dalteparin for VTE. Outcomes in these patients were qualitatively compared with those of patients who received enoxaparin, warfarin, or other anticoagulants for sub-acute anticoagulation. This portion of the study was an industry-sponsored investigator-initiated sub-study with an investigator-held IND. Since the closure of the sub-study, the overall Kids-DOTT study is no longer conducted under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application.
Principal aims and hypotheses:
Specific Aim #1: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of shortened-duration (6 weeks total) versus conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation for first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis among children in whom thrombus resolution/non-occlusion (i.e. established blood flow) is evident after the initial 6 weeks of anticoagulant therapy
Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom thrombosis is resolved or non-occlusive at six weeks follow-up, a shortened duration of anticoagulation (total six weeks; i.e. no further therapy) is non-inferior in efficacy to the conventional duration (total three months) of anticoagulation with respect to the risk of symptomatic recurrent VTE at 1 year, and is superior in safety with respect to the risk of clinically-relevant bleeding.(The hypothesis will also be tested in secondary analysis at 2 years, using the same efficacy and safety outcomes as for the 1 year primary analysis.)
Specific Aim #2: To compare the composite efficacy of shortened-duration (6 weeks total) versus conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation for first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis among children in whom thrombus resolution/non-occlusion (i.e., blood flow) is evident after the initial 6 weeks of anticoagulant therapy.
Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom thrombosis is resolved or non-occlusive at six weeks follow-up, a shortened duration of anticoagulation (total six weeks; i.e. no further therapy) is non-inferior to the conventional duration (total three months) of anticoagulation with respect to a composite efficacy endpoint comprised of the 1-year risk of symptomatic recurrent VTE or PTS. (The hypothesis will also be tested in secondary analysis at 2 years.)
Specific Aim #3: To determine whether outcomes of first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis (specifically, with respect to recurrent VTE and PTS) among children treated with conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation differ between those with and without thrombus resolution/non-occlusion at 6 weeks.
Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis treated with conventional-duration (3 months total) anticoagulation, the cumulative incidences of recurrent VTE and PTS are significantly lower among those in whom thrombus resolution/non-occlusion was, versus was not, evident after the initial 6 weeks of anticoagulant therapy.
Specific Aim #4: To establish a clinical trial-derived plasma and nucleic acids biorepository for future proteomic, genomic, and metabolomic investigations of predictors and modulators of VTE outcomes in children.
Specific Aim #5: To investigate whether duration of anticoagulation (over the range of 3 months to indefinite duration, as determined clinically in routine care) on influences the risks of symptomatic recurrent VTE and clinically-relevant bleeding among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom persistent antiphospholipid antibody (APA) positivity is evident at 6- and 12 -weeks post-diagnosis.
Hypothesis: Among children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis in whom persistent APA positivity is evident at 6- and 12 -weeks post-diagnosis, duration of anticoagulant therapy is not a predictor of symptomatic recurrent VTE but is directly related to the risk of clinically-relevant bleeding.
Specific Aim #6 (Exploratory Aim): To evaluate whether the effect of treatment duration on the risks of symptomatic recurrent VTE and clinically-relevant bleeding in children with first-episode, provoked, acute venous thrombosis differs substantively between subgroups defined by type of sub-acute anticoagulant therapy in real-world clinical use (all prescribed clinically, with the exception of investigational dalteparin, which was prescribed under an investigator-held IND through December 2013).
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 608
- Children (birth to <21 years of age) with radiologically-confirmed acute deep venous thrombosis in the past 30 days
- In the opinion of the investigator, the venous thrombosis was a provoked (i.e., non-spontaneous) event (e.g.: hospitalization; Central venous catheterization; infection; dehydration; surgery; trauma; immobility; use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptive pills; flare of autoimmune/rheumatologic condition).
-
Prior episode of VTE
-
Malignancy that, in the opinion of the treating oncologist, is not in remission (note: remission may exist on or off anti-neoplastic therapy)
-
Systemic lupus erythematosus
-
Pulmonary embolism that is not accompanied by DVT or is more proximal than segmental branches of the pulmonary artery
-
Use of, or intent to use, thrombolytic therapy
-
Chronic anticoagulant at prophylactic dosing is being or will be administered beyond 6 months post VTE diagnosis
-
Moderate/severe anticoagulant deficiency (defined by any one of the following):
- protein C <20 IU/dL if patient is ≥3 months of age, or protein C below lower limit of detection if patient is <3 months of age;
- antithrombin <30 IU/dL if patient is ≥3 months of age, or antithrombin below lower limit of detection if patient is <3 months of age;
- protein S (free antigen or activity) <20 IU/dL.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Parallel Cohort: Persistent Occlusive Thrombosis No Intervention Patients with completely occlusive thrombosis at 6 weeks. Parallel Cohort: Persistent Antiphospholipid Antibody No Intervention Patients with persistent Positive Antiphospholipid Antibody at 6 weeks. B Conventional duration (3 months) of anticoagulant therapy Patients with non-occlusive thrombus or resolved thrombosis at 6 weeks. Intervention: A Shortened duration (6 weeks) of anticoagulant therapy Patients with non-occlusive thrombus or resolved thrombosis at 6 weeks.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Safety outcome - Occurrence of clinically-relevant (i.e. major plus clinically-relevant non-major [CRNM] 1 year Occurrence of clinically-relevant (i.e. major plus clinically-relevant non-major \[CRNM\] bleeding
Efficacy outcome - Occurrence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism 1 Year Occurrence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism. Primary safety endpoint is occurrence of clinically-relevant bleeding (major + clinically-relevant non-major) bleeding.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Efficacy outcome 3 - Development of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) 1 year Development of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)
Efficacy outcome 2 - Occurrence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) 2 years Occurrence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Efficacy outcome 1 - Occurrence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) or development of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) (composite endpoint) 1 year Occurrence of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) or development of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) (composite endpoint)
Efficacy outcome 4 - Development of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS) 2 years Development of Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS)
Related Research Topics
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Trial Locations
- Locations (63)
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
🇺🇸Los Angeles, California, United States
Johns Hopkins Medicine
🇺🇸Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Boston Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Cleveland, Ohio, United States
Rady Children's Hospital UCSD
🇺🇸San Diego, California, United States
University of Miami
🇺🇸Miami, Florida, United States
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
🇺🇸Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
🇺🇸Nashville, Tennessee, United States
George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States
University of Alabama Birmingham
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States
Phoenix Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Phoenix, Arizona, United States
Arkansas Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
Children's Hospital Orange County
🇺🇸Orange, California, United States
Stanford Medicine
🇺🇸Palo Alto, California, United States
UC Davis Children's Center
🇺🇸Sacramento, California, United States
Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States
Emory University / Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
🇺🇸Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
Rush University Medical Center
🇺🇸Chicago, Illinois, United States
Riley Hospital for Children
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Kosair Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Louisville, Kentucky, United States
University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Michigan State University
🇺🇸East Lansing, Michigan, United States
Helen Devos Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
Children's Mercy Hospital
🇺🇸Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Glacier View
🇺🇸Kalispell, Montana, United States
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
🇺🇸Newark, New Jersey, United States
The Children's Hospital at Montefiore
🇺🇸Bronx, New York, United States
Cornell University
🇺🇸Ithaca, New York, United States
Cohen Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸New Hyde Park, New York, United States
NewYork-Presbyterian
🇺🇸New York, New York, United States
Golisano Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Rochester, New York, United States
Akron Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Akron, Ohio, United States
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
🇺🇸Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Nationwide Children's Hospital
🇺🇸Columbus, Ohio, United States
Hershey Medical Center
🇺🇸Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
St. Christopher's Hospital for Children
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
University of Pittsburgh
🇺🇸Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas
🇺🇸Austin, Texas, United States
University of Texas Southwestern
🇺🇸Dallas, Texas, United States
Texas Children's Hospital (Baylor)
🇺🇸Houston, Texas, United States
Primary Children's Medical Center
🇺🇸Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
University of Virginia Health System University Hospital
🇺🇸Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
🇺🇸Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Medical College of Wisconsin, Blood Center of Wisconsin
🇺🇸Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States
Medizinishe Universitat Wien
🇦🇹Vienna, Austria
McMaster Childrens Hospital
🇨🇦Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
SickKids
🇨🇦Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Montreal Children's Hospital
🇨🇦Montréal, Quebec, Canada
Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital
🇮🇱Jerusalem, Israel
Sheba Medical Center
🇮🇱Tel-Aviv, Israel
Sophia Children's Hospital
🇳🇱Rotterdam, Netherlands
Children's Hospital Colorado
🇺🇸Aurora, Colorado, United States
Oregon Health Sciences University
🇺🇸Portland, Oregon, United States
Nemours Children's Clinic
🇺🇸Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Royal Children's Hospital
🇦🇺Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Yale School of Medicine
🇺🇸New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Duke University
🇺🇸Durham, North Carolina, United States
Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University
🇺🇸Detroit, Michigan, United States
Stollery Children's Hospital
🇨🇦Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Palmetto Health
🇺🇸Columbia, South Carolina, United States
Medical University of South Carolina
🇺🇸Charleston, South Carolina, United States