Orthopantomographic analysis for assessment of mandibular asymmetry in asthmatic children : An In-Vivo study.

The development of an individual’s facial shape and structure is influenced by a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences, such as their intensity and duration ( Paternoster et al., 2012). Changes in breathing mechanics can impact the development of craniofacial structures ( Yamada et al., 1997) and disrupt normal functions like chewing and swallowing, which are crucial for balanced facial growth (Moss, 1962). Nasopharyngeal blockage often leads to mouth-breathing (Straub, 1994), prompting compensatory changes in head posture to accommodate reduced nasal airflow (Josell, 1995). These adjustments can lead to disharmony in the growth and development of orofacial structures (Rubin, 1980).

Several systemic medical conditions, including type 1 diabetes (El-Bialy et al., 2000), growth hormone deficiency (Kjellberg et al., 2000), and asthma (Richmond et al., 2009), can also affect facial morphology.

Chronic asthma, characterized by increased airway resistance and chest gas-trapping (Chaves et al., 2010), alters the mechanics of breathing, potentially shortening cervical respiratory muscles and influencing head and cervical spine posture ( Lopes et al., 2007). This dysregulation may contribute to maxillary narrowing and reduced mandibular development ( Solow and Sandham, 2002) among patients with asthma symptoms.

Hence based on the above said reports,this study helps in evaluating any mandibular asymmetries through OPG, (A simple tool) during the developmental and growth stages of asthmatic children and be valuable in diagnosing and early intervention of the asymmetry.