Endocrine Therapy Plus CDK4/6 in First or Second Line for Hormone (SONIA) Receptor Positive Advanced Breast Cancer

Phase 3

Active, not recruiting

• Conditions: Breast Neoplasm Female
• Interventions: Drug: CDK 4/6 inhibitor; Drug: Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor; Drug: Fulvestrant

• Registration Number: NCT03425838
• Lead Sponsor: Borstkanker Onderzoek Groep

Brief Summary

Given the uncertain benefit in efficacy of adding CDK 4/6 to first rather than second line endocrine treatment, the aim of this project is to evaluate whether the sequence of an aromatase inhibitor plus CDK 4/6 in first line followed by fulvestrant in second line is superior to the sequence of an aromatase inhibitor in first line followed by fulvestrant plus CDK4/6 in second line.

Detailed Description

Combining cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors with endocrine therapies in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer has shown to result in substantial improvements in progression-free survival. There is however no evidence that this combination strategy leads to an improved overall survival. Furthermore, no specific subgroups that will or will not benefit from the combination of drugs have been identified yet. This means the optimal strategy for deploying CDK 4/6 inhibitors in clinical practice is not yet known. Since CDK 4/6 inhibitors are costly and can have toxic effects, it is important to determine the optimal treatment strategy to avoid both over- and undertreatment.

The SONIA-trial is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized phase III study. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate if treatment with a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor combined with CDK 4/6 inhibition in first line followed at progression by fulvestrant in second line (strategy A) improves progression-free survival compared to treatment with a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor in first line followed at progression by fulvestrant combined with CDK4/6 inhibition in second line (strategy B). The primary end point is progression-free survival after two lines (PFS2), secondary end points include overall survival, quality of life, safety and biomarker analyses.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2017-06-15
• Study Start: 2017-11-09
• Study First Submitted QC: 2018-02-01
• Study First Posted: 2018-02-08
• Primary Completion: 2023-03-06
• Status Verified: 2023-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-08-16
• Last Update Posted: 2023-08-18
• Study Completion: 2025-12

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 1050

Inclusion Criteria

1. Adult women (≥ 18 years of age) with proven diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the breast with evidence of loco-regional recurrent or metastatic disease not amenable to resection or radiation therapy with curative intent and for whom chemotherapy is not clinically indicated.

2. Documentation of histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of estrogen-receptor (ER) expression >10% and/or progesterone receptor (PR) expression >10% breast cancer based on local laboratory results.

3. Previously untreated with any systemic anti-cancer therapy for loco-regional recurrent or metastatic HR+ disease, with the exception of recently started (within 28 days of randomization) endocrine therapy.

4. Women who are not post-menopausal must use LHRH agonist. Postmenopausal status is defined as:

   1. prior bilateral surgical oophorectomy, or
   2. spontaneous cessation of regular menses for at least 12 consecutive months without OAC
   3. in case of doubt serum estradiol <20 umol/l and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels >15 IU/L at screening

5. Measurable or evaluable disease as defined per RECIST v.1.1 (see Appendix 3) or bone-only disease. Tumor lesions previously irradiated or subjected to other locoregional therapy will only be deemed measurable if disease progression at the treated site after completion of therapy is clearly documented.

6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2.

7. Adequate organ and marrow function defined as follows:

   1. ANC ≥1,000/mm3 (1.0 x 10e9 /L);
   2. Platelets ≥50,000/mm3 (50 x 10e9 /L);
   3. Estimated creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/min as calculated using the method standard for the institution;
   4. Total serum bilirubin ≤1.5 x ULN (≤3.0 x ULN if Gilbert's disease);
   5. AST and ALT ≤3 x ULN (≤5.0 x ULN if liver metastases present);

8. Resolution of all acute toxic effects of prior anti-cancer therapy or surgical procedures to NCI CTCAE version 4.0 Grade ≤1, except alopecia or other toxicities not considered a safety risk for the patient at investigator's discretion.

9. Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures.

10. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient (or a legal representative) has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study before any study-specific activity is performed.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Patients with advanced, symptomatic, visceral spread, who are at risk of life-threatening complications in the short term (including patients with massive uncontrolled effusions (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal), pulmonary lymphangitis, and over 50% liver involvement).

2. Known active uncontrolled or symptomatic CNS metastases, carcinomatous meningitis, or leptomeningeal disease as indicated by clinical symptoms, cerebral edema, and/or progressive growth. Patients with a history of CNS metastases or cord compression are eligible if they have been definitively treated with local therapy (e.g., radiotherapy, stereotactic surgery) and are clinically stable without the use of steroids for at least 4 weeks before randomization

3. Prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (i.e., anastrozole, letrozole or exemestane) with disease recurrence while on or within 12 months of treatment.

4. Prior treatment with any CDK4/6 inhibitor.

5. Patients treated within the last 7 days prior to randomization with:

   1. Food or drugs that are known to be CYP3A4 inhibitors (ie, amprenavir, atazanavir, boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, delavirdine, diltiazem, erythromycin, fosamprenavir, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir, mibefradil, miconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, verapamil, voriconazole, and grapefruit or grapefruit juice);
   2. Drugs that are known to be CYP3A4 inducers (ie, carbamazepine, felbamate, nevirapine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentin, and St. John's wort).

6. Major surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, any investigational agents, or other anti-cancer therapy within 2 weeks before randomization. Patients who received prior radiotherapy to ≥25% of bone marrow are not eligible independent of when it was received.

7. Diagnosis of any other malignancy prior to randomization, except those that are not believed to influence the patient's prognosis and do not require any further treatment. This includes, but is not limited to adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer and carcinoma in situ of the cervix.

8. QTc >480 msec at baseline

9. Active inflammatory bowel disease or chronic diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, or any upper gastrointestinal surgery including gastric resection.

10. Known hypersensitivity to letrozole or anastrozole, or any of its excipients, or to any palbociclib excipients.

11. Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study.

12. Recent or active suicidal ideation or behavior.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Strategy A CDK4/6 inhibitor in 1st line	CDK 4/6 inhibitor	Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (letrozole or anastrozole, at the discretion of the treating physician) plus CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib, depending on availability and physician's preference) in first line followed by fulvestrant in second line.
Strategy A CDK4/6 inhibitor in 1st line	Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor	Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (letrozole or anastrozole, at the discretion of the treating physician) plus CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib, depending on availability and physician's preference) in first line followed by fulvestrant in second line.
Strategy B CDK4/6 inhibitor in 2nd line	CDK 4/6 inhibitor	Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (letrozole or anastrozole, at the discretion of the treating physician) in first line followed by fulvestrant plus CDK4/6 inhibitor in second line (palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib, depending on availability and physician's preference).
Strategy B CDK4/6 inhibitor in 2nd line	Non-Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitor	Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (letrozole or anastrozole, at the discretion of the treating physician) in first line followed by fulvestrant plus CDK4/6 inhibitor in second line (palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib, depending on availability and physician's preference).
Strategy B CDK4/6 inhibitor in 2nd line	Fulvestrant	Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (letrozole or anastrozole, at the discretion of the treating physician) in first line followed by fulvestrant plus CDK4/6 inhibitor in second line (palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib, depending on availability and physician's preference).
Strategy A CDK4/6 inhibitor in 1st line	Fulvestrant	Non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (letrozole or anastrozole, at the discretion of the treating physician) plus CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib, ribociclib or abemaciclib, depending on availability and physician's preference) in first line followed by fulvestrant in second line.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
PFS2	Until objective disease progression, symptomatic deterioration, or unacceptable toxicity on second line treatment, death, strategy violation, or withdrawal of consent, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 60 months	Progression-free survival after two lines of treatment (PFS2)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pharmacogenomics	On day 15 of cycle 1 (a cycle is 28 days)	DNA sequencing in a blood sample obtained at cycle 1, day 15 (of 28 days in one cycle) of treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitor.
OS	Date of randomization until date of death due to any cause, assessed up to 60 months	Overall survival
FACT-B questionnaire	Questionnaires will be administered at baseline and thereafter every three months, up to 60 months	Quality of Life questionnaire
EQ-5D questionnaire	Questionnaires will be administered at baseline and thereafter every three months, up to 60 months	Quality of Life questionnaire
iMTA RUQ-B questionnaire	Questionnaires will be administered at baseline and thereafter every six months, up to 60 months	Quality of Life questionnaire
Number of participants with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related neutropenia as assessed by CTCAE v4.0	Through study completion, assessed up to 60 months	Safety assessment will consist of monitoring of all grade 3 and grade 4 neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count/L)
Number of participants with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related thrombocytopenia as assessed by CTCAE v4.0	Through study completion, assessed up to 60 months	Safety assessment will consist of monitoring of all grade 3 and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (platelet count/L)
ORR	Through study completion, assessed up to 60 months	Objective response rate
Plasma through levels	Through study completement	Plasma through levels of CDK4/6 inhibitor measured in blood samples obtained at cycle 1, day 15 (of 28 days in one cycle) and at cycle 2, day 15 in participants treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Tissue microarray	At baseline	Tissue microarray on archived FFPE tissue blocks of the tumor
Number of participants with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related anemia as assessed by CTCAE v4.0	Through study completion, assessed up to 60 months	Safety assessment will consist of monitoring of all grade 3 and grade 4 anemia (mmol/L)
Number of participants with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related elevated liver enzymes (ALAT/ASAT/AF/GGT/bilirubin) as assessed by CTCAE v4.0	Through study completion, assessed up to 60 months	Safety assessment will consist of monitoring of all grade 3 and grade 4 elevated liver enzymes (elevation compared to upper limit of normal)
Number of participants with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related other toxicities as defined in CTCAE v4.0	Through study completion, assessed up to 60 months	Safety assessment will consist of monitoring of all grade 3 and grade 4 other toxicities as defined in CTCAE v4.0
Cost-effectiveness by means of a decision model (a multistate Markov model or a Discrete Event Simulation model)	At 60 months after entry into the study	The cost and outcomes of both arms will be assessed by means of a decision model (a multistate Markov model or a Discrete Event Simulation model). Cost-effectiveness will be determined by comparing costs and effects of both treatment strategies. Quality adjusted life years will be computed by multiplying life-years with the observed utility scores during those life years. The friction cost method will be used for estimating the societal costs of productivity losses. Unit costs for drugs will be derived from www.medicijnkosten.nl or the Z-index. The costs of a hospital day, outpatient visit, and day care treatment, will be based on the Dutch costing manual. Other costs will be collected from NZA tariffs. All costs will be expressed in Euros.
Liquid biopsies	At baseline of first line, at cycle 1 day 15 (a cycle is 28 days), at cycle 4 day 1, at baseline of second line, at cycle 1 day 15 (a cycle is 28 days), at cycle 4 day 1 and at disease progression	Circulating tumor DNA isolated from blood samples collected at 7 timepoints during the study. Mutation level during the study and at disease progression will be compared to base-line mutation level.

Trial Locations

Locations (72)

VUmc; 🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Netherlands

OLVG; 🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Gelre ziekenhuizen; 🇳🇱 Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Albert Schweitzer ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Dordrecht, Netherlands

UMC Groningen; 🇳🇱 Groningen, Netherlands

Tjongerschans; 🇳🇱 Heerenveen, Netherlands

Tergooi; 🇳🇱 Hilversum, Netherlands

Dijklander Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Hoorn, Netherlands

UMC Utrecht; 🇳🇱 Utrecht, Netherlands

St. Jans Gasthuis; 🇳🇱 Weert, Netherlands

Langeland; 🇳🇱 Zoetermeer, Netherlands

Isala; 🇳🇱 Zwolle, Netherlands

AMC; 🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Van Weel-Bethesda Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Dirksland, Netherlands

Alrijne Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Leiden, Netherlands

St. Antonius; 🇳🇱 Nieuwegein, Netherlands

Wilhelmina ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Assen, Netherlands

Amphia; 🇳🇱 Breda, Netherlands

Treant Zorggroep; 🇳🇱 Emmen, Netherlands

Noordwestziekenhuisgroep; 🇳🇱 Alkmaar, Netherlands

ZGT; 🇳🇱 Almelo, Netherlands

Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland; 🇳🇱 Rotterdam, Netherlands

Flevoziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Almere, Netherlands

Meander Medisch Centrum; 🇳🇱 Amersfoort, Netherlands

Ziekenhuis Amstelland; 🇳🇱 Amstelveen, Netherlands

Nki - Avl; 🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Netherlands

BovenIJ Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Rijnstate; 🇳🇱 Arnhem, Netherlands

Alexander Monro Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Bilthoven, Netherlands

Maasziekenhuis Pantein; 🇳🇱 Boxmeer, Netherlands

Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Beverwijk, Netherlands

IJsselland; 🇳🇱 Capelle Aan Den IJssel, Netherlands

Reinier de Graaf; 🇳🇱 Delft, Netherlands

Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Den Bosch, Netherlands

Haaglanden Medisch Centrum; 🇳🇱 Den Haag, Netherlands

Deventer Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Deventer, Netherlands

HaGaziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Den Haag, Netherlands

Spaarne Gasthuis; 🇳🇱 Hoofddorp, Netherlands

Slingeland Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Doetinchem, Netherlands

Nij Smellinghe; 🇳🇱 Drachten, Netherlands

Gelderse Vallei; 🇳🇱 Ede, Netherlands

Catharina Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Eindhoven, Netherlands

Maxima Medisch Centrum; 🇳🇱 Eindhoven, Netherlands

Medisch Spectrum Twente; 🇳🇱 Enschede, Netherlands

St. Anna Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Geldrop, Netherlands

Admiraal de Ruyter; 🇳🇱 Goes, Netherlands

Martini Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Groningen, Netherlands

Rivas Beatrixziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Gorinchem, Netherlands

Groene Hart Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Gouda, Netherlands

Elkerliek ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Helmond, Netherlands

Sint Jansdal; 🇳🇱 Harderwijk, Netherlands

Ropcke Zweers; 🇳🇱 Hardenberg, Netherlands

LUMC; 🇳🇱 Leiden, Netherlands

MC Leeuwarden; 🇳🇱 Leeuwarden, Netherlands

Radboudumc; 🇳🇱 Nijmegen, Netherlands

Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Nijmegen, Netherlands

Laurentius; 🇳🇱 Roermond, Netherlands

Bravis ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Roosendaal, Netherlands

Erasmus MC; 🇳🇱 Rotterdam, Netherlands

Ikazia; 🇳🇱 Rotterdam, Netherlands

Maasstad Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Rotterdam, Netherlands

Zuyderland; 🇳🇱 Sittard, Netherlands

Antonius Ziekenhuis; 🇳🇱 Sneek, Netherlands

Elisabeth Tweesteden; 🇳🇱 Tilburg, Netherlands

Spijkenisse Medisch Centrum; 🇳🇱 Spijkenisse, Netherlands

ZorgSaam; 🇳🇱 Terneuzen, Netherlands

Ziekenhuis Rivierenland; 🇳🇱 Tiel, Netherlands

Diakonessenhuis; 🇳🇱 Utrecht, Netherlands

VieCuri; 🇳🇱 Venlo, Netherlands

Bernhoven; 🇳🇱 Uden, Netherlands

Streekziekenhuis Koningin Beatrix; 🇳🇱 Winterswijk, Netherlands

Zaans Medisch Centrum; 🇳🇱 Zaandam, Netherlands