Effect of Beans Compared to Beef on Satiety in Older Adults

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Older Adults
• Interventions: Other: Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed; Other: Extra-lean ground beef; Other: Canned black beans, drained and rinsed

• Registration Number: NCT05499819
• Lead Sponsor: University of Guelph

Brief Summary

This human clinical trial is using a randomized crossover design to examine the effect of two varieties of beans compared to beef on satiety and food intake in older adults.

Detailed Description

This human clinical trial is using a randomized crossover design that includes 3 study visits separated by washout periods of at least 1 week. Each study visit will last approximately 4 hours and will occur at the Human Nutraceutical Research Unit (HNRU) at the University of Guelph. Study visits will occur in the morning and begin with measurement of fasting body weight. Participants will then complete a baseline satiety questionnaire before they consume a breakfast test meal (that includes either red kidney beans, black beans or extra-lean ground beef). After the breakfast meal, participants will complete a palatability questionnaire. They will also complete more satiety questionnaires at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. After 180 minutes, participants will be consume an ad libitum pizza lunch meal until they are comfortably full. Participants will then be sent home with a food scale and instructions to record everything they eat and drink for the remainder of the day.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2022-05-18
• Study First Submitted: 2022-06-13
• Study First Submitted QC: 2022-08-11
• Study First Posted: 2022-08-12
• Primary Completion: 2023-11-22
• Study Completion: 2023-11-22
• Status Verified: 2024-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-05-09
• Last Update Posted: 2024-05-10

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 35

Inclusion Criteria

• Healthy males and females
• ≥60 years old
• BMI between 18.5-30 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria

• Medication use that is not at a stable dose (at least 3 months)
• Natural health product use that is not at a stable dose (at least 3 months)
• Antibiotic use in the past 3 months
• Overnight shift work
• Alcohol consumption >14 drinks/week or >4 drinks/sitting
• Anaphylactic food allergy
• Pulse (beans, lentils, chickpeas, dried peas) consumption >4 servings per week
• Recent or intended significant weight loss or weight gain (>4 kg in previous 3 months)
• Breakfast skipping ≥4 days per week
• Vegan diet
• Dislike or unable to consume beans, ground beef, shredded cheddar cheese, white tortilla wraps or frozen cheese pizza
• Three Factor Eating Questionnaire scale scores >11 for Cognitive Restraint, >9 for Disinhibition, and >8 for Hunger
• Diagnosed hypertension (blood pressure >140/90mmHg) that is not managed
• Diagnosed digestive-related condition (i.e. Celiac Disease, constipation, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gluten intolerance, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis), irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance)
• Diagnosed cognitive-related condition (i.e. Alzheimer's Disease, amnesia, dementia, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, Parkinson's Disease, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury)
• Medical condition that does not have stable management for at least 3 months
• Medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization in the past 3 months
• Tobacco use
• Cannabis use
• Vape use

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Red kidney beans	Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed	Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed
Extra-lean ground beef	Extra-lean ground beef	Extra-lean ground beef, pan-fried
Black beans	Canned black beans, drained and rinsed	Canned black beans, drained and rinsed

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Subjective appetite sensations	Area under the 180 minute curve	Fullness, satisfaction, hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (measured by a visual analogue scale in mm)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Food intake at an ad libitum pizza meal	180 minutes after consumption of study treatment (in a breakfast meal)	Food intake will be measured in grams at an ad libitum cheese pizza lunch meal
24-hour energy intake	24 hours	Energy intake measured as kcal for 24 hours after consumption of study treatment (in a breakfast meal) using a weighed food record

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Human Nutraceutical Research Unit; 🇨🇦 Guelph, Ontario, Canada