Comparing Mouth Rinses (and Chewing Gum) in Regard to Streptococcus Mutans Reduction

Phase 2

Terminated

Interventions: Drug: Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%)
Drug: Sodium Fluoride (0.05%)
Other: Paraffin wax chewing gum (sugar-free)
Other: Deionized water

Brief Summary: This study compared four mouth rinses/chews for their ability to reduce Streptococcus Mutans after usage. The four that were compared were chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%), sodium fluoride (0.05%), paraffin wax chewing gum (sugar free), and deionized water. The paraffin wax chewing gum replaced the originally planned coconut oil and served as a placebo comparator.

Detailed Description: The study was a randomized controlled clinical trial, unblinded. After obtaining consent and assent, respectively, and following review of medical history with regard to inclusion/exclusion criteria, if the participant met eligibility criteria, the participant was randomly assigned to one of four groups being studied: chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%), sodium fluoride (0.05%), paraffin wax chewing gum (sugar-free) or deionized water with a randomization ratio of 1:1:1:1. A pre rinse/chew salivary sample was obtained by having the participant spit into a sterile test tube. The participant then either rinsed with 10mL of the assigned rinse for a timed 30 seconds and expectorated, or chewed paraffin wax chewing gum for 2 minutes. A post rinse/chew salivary sample was taken similarly to the pre rinse/chew sample. The samples were transported to a microbiology lab for incubation and quantitative analysis of Streptococcus Mutans. Morphological identification of the bacterial colonies was then confirmed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Patients presenting to the dental clinic for routine dental treatment (including recall exams, new patient exams, and operative appointments) who are American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) class I or II
Cooperative patients classified as 3 or 4 according to the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale,
No known allergies or sensitivities to products or ingredients being tested
Had untreated cavities
Nothing to eat/drink for 1 hour prior to dental appointment

Exclusion Criteria

Patients who are ASA class III, IV, V or VI
Known allergies or sensitivities to any of the mouth rinses or any of the ingredients in the mouth rinses to be tested
Non-English speaking parent/participant
Patient presenting to the clinic as a walk in or emergency appointment
Patient experiencing any pain or sensitivity
Precooperative or uncooperative behavior or behavior classified as 1 or 2 according to the Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%)	Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%)	An oral rinse given to pediatric patients in routine practice within the standard of care.
Sodium Fluoride (0.05%)	Sodium Fluoride (0.05%)	An oral rinse given to pediatric patients in routine practice within the standard of care.
Paraffin wax chewing gum (sugar-free)	Paraffin wax chewing gum (sugar-free)	A food product. Minimum of 2 minutes of chew time prior to salivary sample being obtained.
Deionized water	Deionized water	Water that has had the majority of its ions removed.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Levels After 30 Second Oral Rinse Time (Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Sodium Fluoride, or Deionized Water) or 2 Minute Chew Time (Paraffin Wax Chewing Gum)	Sample obtained at baseline (pre rinse/chew) and immediately after treatment (post rinse/chew). Timed for 30 seconds (oral rinses) or 2 minutes (chewing gum)	Oral salivary sample obtained and plated on MSB (mitis salivarius-bacitracin) agar petri dish to determine Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) levels. Values in each row in the Outcome Measure Data Table represent percentage change (increase denoted by positive number, decrease denoted by negative number) in S. mutans colonies from baseline (pre rinse/chew) sample for a single participant within that particular Arm/Group. Row titles have been arbitrarily identified as 'First Participant', 'Second Participant', 'Third Participant' and 'Fourth Participant.' No values are shown for 'Third Participant' and 'Fourth Participant' for the Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) and Deionized water Arm/Group since only 2 participants were enrolled within each group. One result is obtained from each pre and post sample combination (percentage change).

Secondary Outcome Measures