Optimization of NULOJIX® Usage Towards Minimizing CNI Exposure in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation
- Conditions
- Simultaneous Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation
- Interventions
- Biological: BelataceptBiological: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit)
- Registration Number
- NCT01790594
- Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to find out if the drug NULOJIX® (belatacept) will minimize the amount of other anti-rejection medications necessary and thereby reduce the long-term side effects caused by the other medications. The researchers also want to learn more about the safety of this treatment and long term health of transplanted pancreases and kidneys.
- Detailed Description
Transplant recipients have to take anti-rejection medications to prevent their immune systems (the body's natural defense system against illness) from rejecting their new organs. Most patients who receive a transplanted organ must take these anti-rejection medications for the rest of their lives, or for as long as the transplanted organ continues to work. Taking standard anti-rejection medications for a long time can cause serious side effects, including pancreas and kidney damage. There would be a benefit to finding new anti-rejection medications that work just as well, but could lessen the amount of anti-rejection medications that are taken long term.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- TERMINATED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 46
- Ability to understand and provide written informed consent;
- Candidate for a primary simultaneous kidney and pancreas allograft with random c-peptide <0.3 ng/mL;
- No known contraindications to study therapy using NULOJIX® (belatacept);
- Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test upon study entry;
- Female and male participants with reproductive potential must agree to use FDA approved methods of birth control during participation in the study and for 4 months following study completion;
- No donor specific antibodies prior to transplant that are considered to be of clinical significance by the site investigator;
- Negative crossmatch, actual or virtual, or a Panel Reactive Antibodies (PRA) of 0% on historic and admission sera, as determined by each participating study center;
- A documented negative Tuberculosis (TB) test within the 12 months prior to transplant. If documentation is not present at the time of transplantation, and the subject does not have any risk factors for TB, a TB-specific interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) may be performed.
- Need for multi-organ transplantation other than a kidney and pancreas;
- Recipient of previous organ transplant;
- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) sero-negative recipients or recipients whose EBV serostatus is unknown prior to the time of transplantation;
- Individuals infected by the hepatitis B or C viruses or HIV;
- Individuals who have required treatment with systemic prednisone or other immunosuppressive drugs within 1 year prior to transplant;
- Individuals previously treated with NULOJIX® (belatacept);
- Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements;
- Use of investigational drugs within 4 weeks of enrollment;
- Known hypersensitivity to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)or any of the drug's components;
- Administration of live attenuated vaccine(s) within 8 weeks of enrollment.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Immunosuppression Including Belatacept Belatacept * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Belatacept * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic)- The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed. The dosage will be adjusted to achieve the following therapeutic trough levels: 5-8 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant and then 3-5 ng/ml until day 280 (week 40). Subjects may be withdrawn if they meet all the criteria defined below. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression without Belatacept Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic). The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels, no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed, then adjusted to target trough levels of 8-12 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant, then adjusted to target trough levels of 5-8 ng/ml thereafter. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression Including Belatacept Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Belatacept * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic)- The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed. The dosage will be adjusted to achieve the following therapeutic trough levels: 5-8 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant and then 3-5 ng/ml until day 280 (week 40). Subjects may be withdrawn if they meet all the criteria defined below. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression without Belatacept Tacrolimus * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic). The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels, no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed, then adjusted to target trough levels of 8-12 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant, then adjusted to target trough levels of 5-8 ng/ml thereafter. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression without Belatacept Mycophenolate mofetil * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic). The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels, no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed, then adjusted to target trough levels of 8-12 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant, then adjusted to target trough levels of 5-8 ng/ml thereafter. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression Including Belatacept Tacrolimus * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Belatacept * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic)- The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed. The dosage will be adjusted to achieve the following therapeutic trough levels: 5-8 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant and then 3-5 ng/ml until day 280 (week 40). Subjects may be withdrawn if they meet all the criteria defined below. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression Including Belatacept Mycophenolate mofetil * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Belatacept * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic)- The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed. The dosage will be adjusted to achieve the following therapeutic trough levels: 5-8 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant and then 3-5 ng/ml until day 280 (week 40). Subjects may be withdrawn if they meet all the criteria defined below. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression without Belatacept methylprednisolone * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic). The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels, no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed, then adjusted to target trough levels of 8-12 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant, then adjusted to target trough levels of 5-8 ng/ml thereafter. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic). Immunosuppression Including Belatacept methylprednisolone * Induction: 5 day course of methylprednisolone or equivalent; * Induction: Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit); * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Belatacept * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Tacrolimus (or generic)- The site investigator will identify a starting tacrolimus dose at his or her discretion, in order to achieve the target trough levels no later than 5 days post-transplantation. Tacrolimus dosing will be initiated on the day of surgery or post-operative day 1 depending upon when during the day the surgery is completed. The dosage will be adjusted to achieve the following therapeutic trough levels: 5-8 ng/ml during the first 24 weeks post-transplant and then 3-5 ng/ml until day 280 (week 40). Subjects may be withdrawn if they meet all the criteria defined below. * Maintenance Immunosuppression: Mycophenolate mofetil (or Myfortic (mycophenolate sodium), or generic).
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Mean Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) Calculated for Each Treatment Group Using the CKD-EPI Equation at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI):
* A score of ≥90 means kidney function is normal.
* A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
* Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
* Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
* Scores below 15 indicate very severe or end stage kidney failure.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Count of Participants With Successful Discontinuation of Tacrolimus in Recipients Randomized to the Investigational Arm Week 40 through week 48 Post-Transplant Participants achieved successful discontinuation if they were able to discontinue (e.g., off tacrolimus therapy completely) over a 4-8 weeks after tacrolimus withdrawal was initiated at week 40.
Standardized Blood Pressure Measurement From Baseline (Pre-Transplant) Through Wk 52 Post-Transplant Baseline (Pre-Transplant) and Days 28, 84, and Weeks 28, 36, and 52 A blood pressure measurement consists of two numbers: the systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure measures the pressure in blood vessels when the heart beats. Diastolic pressure measures the pressure in blood vessels between beats of the heart.
* Systolic measures of \<120 and diastolic measures of \<80 are considered normal.
* Systolic measures of 120-139 and diastolic measures of 80-89 are considered at risk (or pre-hypertension).
* Systolic measures of ≥140 and diastolic measures of ≥90 are considered high.The Slope of eGFR by CKD-EPI Over Time Based on Serum Creatinine Post-Transplant Day 28 through Week 52 Post-Transplant The estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI):
* A score of ≥ 90 means kidney function is normal.
* A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
* Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
* Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
* Scores below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure.
An estimate of the slope, or change over time, in eGFR was produced using standard statistical linear modeling procedures. The estimate was then re-scaled so that it could be interpreted as a change in eGFR per month. Positive numbers indicate increasing kidney function.
Larger numbers indicate greater change in kidney function.Count of Participants With Full Pancreatic Graft Function (Insulin Independent) at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant Participants with full pancreatic graft functions are defined as those that no longer require exogenous insulin therapy.
Count of Participants With Evidence of Pancreatic Loss at Week 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant C-peptide is a measure of pancreatic function. The definition of pancreatic loss: a C-peptide value of \<0.3 ng/mL.
Count of Participants by CKD Stage at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease are defined using the participant's GFR value:
* Stage 1 if GFR value is ≥90 ( kidney function is normal)
* Stage 2 if 60 ≤ GFR \< 90 (mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease)
* Stage 3A if 45 ≤ GFR \< 60\*
* Stage 3B if 30 ≤ GFR \< 45\*
* Stage 4 if 15 ≤ GFR \< 30 (severely reduced kidney function)
* Stage 5 if GFR \< 15 (severe or end stage kidney failure).
Stages 3A and 3B indicate moderately reduced kidney function.\*Count of Participants With Delayed Graft Function at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 Post-Transplant Delayed grafted function is defined as dialysis in the first week on one or more occasions for any indication other than the treatment of acute hyperkalemia in the setting of otherwise acceptable renal function.
Count of Participants With eGFR < 60 mL/Min/1.73 m^2 Measured by CKD-EPI at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI):
* A score of ≥90 means kidney function is normal.
* A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
* Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
* Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
* Scores below 15 indicate very severe or end stage kidney failure.Count of Participants With Defined CKD Stage 4 or 5 at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant The stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are defined using the participant's GFR value:
* Stage 1 if GFR value is ≥ 90 (kidney function is normal)
* Stage 2 if 60 ≤ GFR \< 90 (mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease)
* Stage 3A if 45 \<= GFR \< 60\*
* Stage 3B if 30 \<= GFR \< 45\*
* Stage 4 if 15 ≤ GFR \< 30 (severely reduced kidney function)
* Stage 5 if GFR \< 15 (severe or end stage kidney failure).
Stages 3A abd 3B indicate moderately reduced kidney function.\*Count of Participants With Use of Anti-hypertensive Medication From Baseline (Pre-Transplant) Through Wk 52 Post-Transplant Baseline (Pre-Transplant) and Days 28, 84, and Weeks 28, 36, and 52 Anti-hypertensive medications are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension. The medications seek to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stoke and myocardial infarction.
Count of Participants With De Novo Anti-Donor Antibodies or Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Antibodies During the First 52 Weeks Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 The de novo development of donor-specific antibody (DSA) is associated with an increased risk of graft rejection.
The presence of anti-Histocompatibility Antigen (HLA) antibodies (alloantibodies) is associated with increased risk of acute and chronic injury to the transplant allograft.Mean Calculated eGFR Using MDRD 4 Variable Model at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant The estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD):
* A score of ≥ 90 means kidney function is normal.
* A score between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease.
* Scores between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function.
* Scores between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function.
* Scores below 15 indicate severe or endstage kidney failure.Count of Participants With Evidence of Partial Pancreatic Graft Function at Week 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant C-peptide is a measure of pancreatic function. The definition of partial pancreatic graft function: a fasting C-peptide levels \>0.3ng.mL (0.1nmol.L) plus the participant's continued requirement for exogenous insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent(s).
Fasting Lipid Profile at Wk 28 Post-Transplant Week 28 Post-Transplant A fasting lipid profiles measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These measurements are used in assessing one's risk of cardiovascular disease. Target ranges for each of these measures are provided:
* Total cholesterol: 75-169 mg/dL if age ≤20; 100-199 mg/dL if age ≥ 21; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
* LDL cholesterol: \<70 mg/dL for people with documented cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; \<100 mg/dL for people considered high risk for cardiovascular disease; \<130 mg/dL for people considered low risk for cardiovascular disease; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
* HDL cholesterol: 40mg/dL and higher; high values indicate reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
* Non-HDL cholesterol: 30 mg/dL above the target value for LDL cholesterol; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease and
* Triglycerides: \<150 mg/dL; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease.Lipid Profile at Wk 52 Post-Transplant Week 52 Post-Transplant A fasting lipid profiles measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These measurements are used in assessing one's risk of cardiovascular disease. Target ranges for each of these measures are provided:
* Total cholesterol: 75-169 mg/dL if age ≤ 20; 100-199 mg/dL if age ≥ 21; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
* LDL cholesterol: \<70 mg/dL for people with documented cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; \<100 mg/dL for people considered high risk for cardiovascular disease; \<130 mg/dL for people considered low risk for cardiovascular disease; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
* HDL cholesterol: 40mg/dL and higher; high values indicate reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
* Non-HDL cholesterol: 30 mg/dL above the target value for LDL cholesterol; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease and
* Triglycerides: \<150 mg/dL; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease.Count of Participants With Acute Rejection (AR) of Kidney or Pancreatic Transplant During the First 52 Wks Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 Biopsy-proven acute rejection (AR) of the kidney (renal) or pancreas during the first 52 weeks post-transplant. AR grading using standard Banff\* criteria. For both kidney and pancreas, AR is defined as a grade ≥1.
* AR for the kidney: Banff 2007 criteria. Severity of AR is graded by as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with IA defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.
* AR for the pancreas: Banff 2011 Criteria. Severity of AR is graded as I, II, or III, with I defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.HbA1c at Baseline (Pre-Transplant) Through Wk 52 Post-Transplant Baseline (Pre-Transplant) and Days 28, 84, and Weeks 28, 36, and 52 Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures the average blood glucose levels over 8-12 weeks, thus acting as a useful long-term gauge of blood glucose control:
* A value below 6.0% reflects normal levels,
* 6.0% to 6.4% reflects prediabetes, and
* a value of ≥ 6.5% reflects diabetes.Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) From Baseline (Pre-Transplant) Through Wk 52 Post-Transplant Baseline (Pre-Transplant) and Days 28, 84, and Weeks 28, 36, and 52 Fasting blood sugar (e.g., glucose) test is used to help diagnose diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Reference fasting blood sugar (glucose) values:
* 70 to 99 mg/dL is normal
* 100 to 125 mg/dL is considered prediabetes
* 126 mg/dL or higher on two separate tests is considered diabetes.Count of Participants With Biopsy-Proven Humoral Rejection During the First 52 Weeks Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 Humoral rejection (i.e., antibody mediated rejection) of:
1. the kidney as defined by diffusely positive staining for C4d, presence of circulating anti-donor antibodies, and morphologic evidence of acute tissue injury determined by local pathology and,
2. the pancreas as defined by the presence of circulating anti-donor antibodies, and histopathological data including morphologic evidence of microvascular tissue injury and C4d staining in interacinar capillaries determined by local pathology.Fasting Lipid Profile at Baseline (Pre-Transplant) Baseline (Pre-Transplant) A fasting lipid profiles measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. These measurements are used in assessing one's risk of cardiovascular disease. Target ranges for each of these measures are provided:
* Total cholesterol: 75-169 mg/dL if age ≤20; 100-199 mg/dL if age ≥ 21; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
* LDL cholesterol: \<70 mg/dL for people with documented cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; \<100 mg/dL for people considered high risk for cardiovascular disease; \<130 mg/dL for people considered low risk for cardiovascular disease; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease
* HDL cholesterol: 40mg/dL and higher; high values indicate reduced risk of cardiovascular disease
* Non-HDL cholesterol: 30 mg/dL above the target value for LDL cholesterol; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease and
* Triglycerides: \<150 mg/dL; high values indicate risk of cardiovascular disease.Count of Participants With Use of Lipid Lowering Medications at Baseline, Wk 28 and Wk 52 Post-Transplant Baseline (Pre-Transplant), Week 28, and Week 52 Lipid lowering medications are used in the treatment of high levels of fats (lipids), such as cholesterol in blood
Count of Participants Diagnosed With Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infection as an Adverse Event Transplant through Week 52 Post-Transplant Viral infections following renal transplantation is a significant source of recipient morbidity and mortality, and a significant cause of allograft dysfunction and loss. Specific viruses were monitored during this study using participant blood samples. Displayed are counts of all participants diagnosed with EBV infection as an adverse event by EBV test(s), diagnosed by test results from the local clinical pathology laboratory.
Severity Grade of First Biopsy-Proven Acute Rejection (AR) During the First 52 Weeks Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 AR grading using standard Banff\* criteria. For both kidney and pancreas, AR is defined as a grade ≥1.
* AR for the kidney: Banff 2007 criteria. Severity of AR is graded by as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with IA defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.
* AR for the pancreas: Banff 2011 Criteria. Severity of AR is graded is I, II, or III, with I defined as the mildest form of AR and III being the most severe.Count of Participants With an Infectious Disease Serious Adverse Event(s) Requiring Hospitalization or Systemic Therapy Transplant through Week 52 Post-Transplant Infections were required to be reported as a serious adverse event if they required either inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of a current hospitalization. Displayed are counts of all participants who experienced infection(s) as an adverse event, by treatment group.
Count of Participants Diagnosed With Malignancy as an Adverse Event Transplant through Week 52 Post-Transplant An increased risk/incidence of malignancy is a recognized complication of immunosuppression in recipients of organ transplants. In Phase 3 clinical trials, overall malignancy rates were similar across all treatment groups, with the exception of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD).Displayed are counts of all participants who experienced malignancy reported as an adverse event.
Type of Treatment(s) Participants Received for Biopsy-Proven Renal Allograft Rejection During the First 52 Weeks Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 Participants are stratified by kidney biopsy results/treatment received.
In the event of a for cause renal (kidney) biopsy:
-The diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR) using the Banff 2007 renal allograft pathology criteria. These criteria for renal allograft biopsies is an international histopathological classification standard. ACR is defined by a renal biopsy demonstrating a Banff 2007 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. (Ref: Solez K, Colvin RB et al. Banff 07 classification of renal allograft pathology: updates and future directions. Am J Transplant 2008 8(4): 753-60).
Acronyms and abbreviations:
* ACR=Acute Cellular Rejection\*
* Normal\*
* Borderline\* (criteria for ACR not fulfilled)
* Gd.=Grade\*
* IFTA=Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy\*
* ATG=Anti-thymocyte globulin therapy
* IVIG=Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy
* PO=Orally
* QD=Daily \*Banff 2007 renal allograft pathology criteriaType of Treatment(s) Participants Received for Biopsy-Proven Pancreatic Allograft Rejection During the First 52 Weeks Post-Transplant Transplant through Week 52 Participants are stratified by kidney biopsy results/treatment received.
Upon having a for-cause biopsy performed, persons often receive treatment for rejection based on the biopsy results, which may or may not reveal signs of rejection. Details of biopsy findings and corresponding treatment are provided for each instance of treatment for rejection.
Results summary format: biopsy results; treatment.
Acronyms and abbreviations:
* ACR=Acute Cellular Rejection
* IFTA=Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy
* ATG=Anti-thymocyte globulin therapy
* IVIG=Intravenous Immunoglobulin therapy
* Gd =Grade
* PO=Orally
* QD=DailyCount of Participants With Event of Death, Graft Loss, or Undetectable C-peptide Transplant through Week 52 Post-Transplant This measure counts death, graft loss, or undetectable C-peptide value (e.g., C-peptide \<0.3 ng/mL) occurring at any point post-transplant and independent of each other.
* Kidney Graft Loss was defined as 90 consecutive days of dialysis dependency.
* Pancreas graft loss was defined as returning to exogenous insulin therapy or initiation of oral hypoglycemic agents for greater than 30 days.
* Factitious hypoglycemia due to surreptitious insulin administration results in elevated serum insulin levels and low or undetectable C-peptide levels.Count of Participants With the Occurrence of Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) From Enrollment (Pre-Transplant) to Week 52 Post-Transplant Adverse events were collected systematically. Counts of all participants who experienced at least one adverse event (AEs, SAEs) by assigned treatment group.
Refer to the Serious Adverse Events and Other Adverse Events tables for more detail.Count of Participant Diagnosed With BK Polyoma Virus (BKV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viremia As Adverse Events Transplant through Week 52 Post-Transplant Viral infections following renal transplantation is a significant source of recipient morbidity and mortality, and a significant cause of allograft dysfunction and loss.
Specific viruses were monitored during this study using participant blood samples. Displayed are counts of participants who experienced BKV and CMV viremia as adverse events, diagnosed by test results from the local clinical pathology laboratory.
Trial Locations
- Locations (5)
Emory University
🇺🇸Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of Wisconsin
🇺🇸Madison, Wisconsin, United States
Indiana University Hospital
🇺🇸Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
University of Alabama at Birmingham
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States
University of California San Francisco Medical Center
🇺🇸San Francisco, California, United States