Ingestion of Maple Products During High Intensity Intermittent Exercise : Effects on Cognitive Flexibility
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 85
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in Mental Effort
研究概览
简要总结
The purpose of this study is to compare the cognitive performance following the ingestion of carbohydrate solutions containing either maple syrup, maple sap, corn syrup, a commercial sport drink or water.
详细描述
The study will require 4 meetings for each subject: a 30-minute meeting to explain the project; a meeting of 2 hours (glucose tolerance test, at rest); a one-hour meeting (maximum oxygen consumption test (VO2max) during an exercise conducted on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer, and a meeting of about 1,5 hours for experimentation (warmup, and 6 X 3-minutes intermittent efforts at 95% of MAP on a stationary bicycle with ingestion of a solution carbohydrates or sweetened water).
Visit #1 - Pre-participation (screening visit) Following an initial contact by phone or email, the subject will be invited to individual meetings which will last about 15 minutes. During the meeting, one of the project managers will check the eligibility of the potential subject in the study and, if eligible, will present him the details of the protocol specifying the discomforts and risks involved. The participant will be required to fill a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and will be given a copy of the consent form. We will request the name and contact details of a person to contact in case of emergency, this information will be recorded and preserved in the subject matter. A period of at least three days will be allocated to make the decision whether to participate in the study or not. If the participant decides to participate in the study, he will be invited for the second visit (oral glucose tolerance test) and on this occasion will sign the consent form.
Visit #2 - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) This test will be performed at Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Department of kinesiology from the University of Montreal under the procedure commonly used for these tests. This procedure requires the ingestion of 300 mL of water containing 75 g of glucose in the morning (around 8am) after 12 hours of fasting, and blood samples and on the tip of a finger at 0, 60 and 120 minutes for the measurement of blood glucose. Subjects with higher blood glucose than 5 mmol/L before ingestion of glucose and greater than 8 mmol/L after ingestion (60 or 120 min) will not be considered for the study. These glucose tolerance standards are more stringent than those of the World Health Organization, because the objective of this test is not a diagnosis on glucose tolerance or a prognosis of its future development, but just n include in the study subjects who have good glucose tolerance.
Visit #3 - Maximum oxygen uptake testing: cycling VO2max This test will be conducted in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Department of kinesiology from the University of Montreal. Exercise involves pedaling a stationary bike at a power output (resistance) gradually increasing until reaching VO2max. During the execution of the test, the subject is wearing surface electrodes to measure heart rate, a mouthpiece and nose clip to measure the volume of expired gas as well as the oxygen and carbon dioxide content to determine the consumption oxygen and carbon dioxide production. This type of testing is routinely used in our laboratory. The test can be stopped at any time by the will of the subject. For this test, guidelines established by the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Department of kinesiology from the University of Montreal will be followed. These guidelines are based on recommendations of ethics and safety of the "American College of Sports Medicine".
Visit #4 - Experimentation: The tests will be conducted at the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Department of kinesiology from the University of Montreal. The exercise is carried out on stationary cycle ergometer. Prior to exercise, electrodes (EMG) will be installed on the subject's hands, optodes helmet (NIRS) will be installed on the subject's head, and a first dose (167 mL) of a solution of carbohydrates, (120 g, 6% carbohydrate by volume), sweetened or unsweetened water will be administrated to the subject. During exercise protocol, the following solutions will be administered to the subject in a balanced, randomized, double-blind model: maple sap, maple syrup, glucose, a commercial sports drink and water. He will then begin a standardized warmup consisting of 10 minutes cycling at 40% of MAP followed by 6 bouts of 10 seconds at 95% of MAP separated by 50 seconds of passive recovery. After the second dose of solution (167 mL), the subject will have to do 6 efforts of 3 minutes at 95% of MAP, each bout separated by 3 minutes of passive recovery. He will be administered an additional dose after the first 4 efforts (4 X 167 mL). After the last effort, one last dose (167 mL) will be administered, and the subject will be asked to stay in the laboratory for the 45 minutes following the last effort. Cognitive task as well as blood sugar level will be evaluated before the exercise protocol, during the 3-minutes exercise bouts, and every 15 minutes during the 45 minutes following exercise. Heart rate, brain oxidation and muscle electrical activity will be measured continuously during recovery. The total duration of this visit is approximately 90 minutes.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Basic Science
- 盲法
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 45 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Low alcohol consumption (<3 drinks/week)
- •Not regularly taking medication for a known pathology
- •Regularly practices endurance sports (cycling, running, etc.)
排除标准
- •Intolerant to glucose (according to World Health Organization standards)
- •Musculoskeletal injury or illness affecting exercise performance
- •Failure to respect protocol guidelines (diet, exercise prior to experimentation, etc.)
研究组 & 干预措施
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Brain oxygenation (Procedure)
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Cognitive flexibility (Behavioral)
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Solution ingestion (Dietary Supplement)
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Palatability (Other)
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Blood glucose (Procedure)
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Perceived exertion (Behavioral)
Maple Syrup
A maple syrup solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: High Intensity Interval Training bouts (Behavioral)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Solution ingestion (Dietary Supplement)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Solution ingestion (Dietary Supplement)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Cognitive flexibility (Behavioral)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Brain oxygenation (Procedure)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Palatability (Other)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Blood glucose (Procedure)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Perceived exertion (Behavioral)
Maple sap
A maple sap solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: High Intensity Interval Training bouts (Behavioral)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Brain oxygenation (Procedure)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Solution ingestion (Dietary Supplement)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Cognitive flexibility (Behavioral)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Palatability (Other)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Blood glucose (Procedure)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Perceived exertion (Behavioral)
Glucose
A glucose solution of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: High Intensity Interval Training bouts (Behavioral)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Cognitive flexibility (Behavioral)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Brain oxygenation (Procedure)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Palatability (Other)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Blood glucose (Procedure)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Perceived exertion (Behavioral)
Sports drink
A commercial sports drink of 6% carbohydrate per volume labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: High Intensity Interval Training bouts (Behavioral)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Brain oxygenation (Procedure)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Solution ingestion (Dietary Supplement)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Cognitive flexibility (Behavioral)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Palatability (Other)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Blood glucose (Procedure)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: Perceived exertion (Behavioral)
Water
A solution containing stevia (sugar substitute) labeled with 13C-sucrose will first be ingested at rest (167 mL), right before starting warmup. Another dose (167 mL) will be administered after warmup. Four additional doses of 167 mL will be ingested immediately after the first four 3-minute bouts at 95% of Maximal Aerobic Power. A final dose (167 mL) will be ingested after the last effort.
干预措施: High Intensity Interval Training bouts (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Mental Effort
时间窗: Baseline (Before the exercise protocol), during the 3-minutes exercise bouts, and every 15 minutes during the 45 minutes following exercise.
Measured with the DP-15 Scale, ranging from 1 to 15, 1 corresponds to "very, very easy" and 15 is "very, very hard"
Change in Perceived exertion
时间窗: Baseline (Before the exercise protocol), during the 3-minutes exercise bouts, and every 15 minutes during the 45 minutes following exercise.
Measured using a Category Ratio scale on 10 points (CR10), 0 signifies no exertion and 10 being maximal effort.
Change in Cognitive flexibility
时间窗: Baseline (Before the exercise protocol), during the 3-minutes exercise bouts, and every 15 minutes during the 45 minutes following exercise.
Measured with a computerized version of the 4th board of Stroop's Task.
Change in Brain oxygenation
时间窗: During Stroop's task (i.e.before the exercise protocol, during the 3-minutes exercise bouts, and every 15 minutes during the 45 minutes following exercise).
Measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
次要结局
- Change in Blood glucose concentration(Baseline (Before the exercise protocol), during the 3-minutes exercise bouts, and every 15 minutes during the 45 minutes following exercise.)