Sexuality and Sexual Quality of Life in Adult Patients With Turner Syndrome (TS) Compared With Patients With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Normal Karyotype

Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare disease. It affects around 1/2500 female newborns. It is defined as a chromosomal abnormality with a total or partial loss of one X chromosome associated with clinical signs of TS, such as a small height and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). POI is present in 95% of patients with TS. Its definition relies on amenorrhea or severe oligomenorrhea with an elevated FSH level higher than 25 IU/L occurring before the age of 40 years. In TS, POI is related to an accelerated ovarian follicle loss due to atresia. Patients with POI should receive hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen and progesterone/progestin. Patients with POI should be on HRT until the age of physiological menopause, around 51 years of age. One of the main consequence of POI is infertility. The rate of natural pregnancy in women with TS is around 7%. Other clinical signs included in TS are cardiovascular diseases (50% of cases), deafness (34%), renal diseases (24-42%) or autoimmune diseases. Recent studies suggest psychological abnormalities in patients with TS. They include low self-esteem, anxiety and in some cases autistic traits. Preliminary studies have suggested altered sexual life in women with TS. The goal of our study is to evaluate the quality of sexual life in such patients using of validated questionnaire, the Female Sexual Fonction Index (FSFI).

This questionnaire contains 19 questions. It has been translated in French. It has been previously used in a French study testing sexual life of women with 21 hydroxylase deficiency. Recently a simplified version of this questionnaire containing only 6 questions has been validated. Several studies using both questionnaires have shown similar results with both questionnaire. Therefore, the investigators are going to use the simplified questionnaire. A major reason is that patients with TS have in general a low self-esteem and the simplified version is less intrusive than the entire questionnaire. Therefore , the investigators believe that it will be easier for patients with TS to fill this simplified version of FSFI questionnaire.

In order to evaluate whether sexual dysfunction in women with TS is related to Turner syndrome or to POI by itself, the investigators have included a control group. Women with POI with normal karyotype, in whom POI is not related to Turner syndrome are going to be included in our study. POI in such women may be related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, ovarian surgery, autoimmune diseases or genetic diseases. So far, more than 70 candidate genes have been identified in patients with POI.

Our Unit, based in St Antoine hospital, Assistance-Publique hôpitaux de Paris, France, has been recognized in 2006 by the French Ministry of Health as a reference center for rare endocrine diseases including Turner syndrome and patients with POI. Our center belongs to FIRENDO network and is recognized as a member of the European network of rare diseases (Endo-ERN). It includes 350 patients with TS and 600 patients with POI not related to TS. All patients have given an authorization to use their clinical data. In order to have a high rate of responders , the investigators are going to send the questionnaire to patients who last visited our Unit between 2018 and December of 2020.

The main goal of our study is to evaluate sexual function of such patients and , the investigators wish to confirm or not whether sexual quality of sexual life is altered in patients with TS. If our study illustrates such an alteration, special care concerning sexual function should be initiated in patients with TS. In particular, psychologists should be recruited to improve the life of patients with TS. Our study should have a direct impact in patients with TS.