Effects of Erector Spina Plan Block and Epidural Analgesia in Whipple Surgery

Pancreatic surgery and anaesthetic management is a difficult operation due to the anatomical location and function of the pancreas. Thoracic epidural anaesthesia/analgesia (TEA) in addition to general anaesthesia in upper abdominal surgeries such as pancreas, liver and stomach.Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is the most widely used gold standard in this type of surgery.

TEA may cause haemodynamic changes in patients due to decreased sympathetic tone due to sympathetic nerve blockade. In elderly patients, bradycardia and hypotension is observed more frequently. Cardiovascular response decreases with age due to decreased cardiac reserve and deterioration of the autonomic nervous system and arteriolar structure. This can lead to this is because more segments are blocked than in younger patients. Pain control with thoracic epidural will provide pulmonary rehabilitation and rapid mobilisation. Accordingly, thromboembolic events, atelectasis and pulmonary infections are prevented. However, it has important unwanted side effects such as hypotension, dural puncture and contralateral block. All these disadvantages of TEA has increased interest in alternatives. Peripheral regional anaesthesia techniques have become more popular as a component of multimodal analgesia to avoid complications associated with epidural analgesia.

In 2016, ESP block, which is an ultrasound-controlled fascial plane block, was described. ESP block is considered to be an easier, effective and safer alternative to epidural and paravertebral blocks. The mechanism of action of ESP involves blockade of both dorsal and ventral branches, resulting in somatic and visceral analgesia.

Intraoperative and postoperative renal function may be impaired in upper abdominal surgeries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of postoperative mortality and morbidity. The most serious adverse factor is both surgical and anaesthesia-related AKI.

hypotension that may develop. The duties of the anaesthesiologist include maintaining perioperative renal function, predetermining the risk of AKI and taking necessary precautions. Considering the data in the literature, postoperative AKI Recent studies have shown that there is a link between inflammation and cancer. Studies reveal a relationship between cytokine and chemokine production and tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastatic capacity. Inflammatory cells and substances produced by inflammation affect cells in the peripheral blood. Platelets promote extravasation of circulating tumour cells. Neutrophils can also promote tumour adhesion and seeding by secreting growth factors into the peripheral circulation. However, lymphocytes can exert anti-tumour effects by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of tumour cells. From this point of view, SII (Systemic inflammation index) is a new prognostic factor obtained by measuring the number and ratio of neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of many tumours.