Recovery of Performance, Muscle Damage and Neuromuscular Fatigue Following Muscle Power Training
- Conditions
- Power Training Exercise Protocols
- Interventions
- Other: Core exercises protocolOther: Control conditionOther: Structural exercises protocolOther: Accentuated eccentric load exercises protocol
- Registration Number
- NCT03936595
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Thessaly
- Brief Summary
Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting. For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of these actions depend on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and deterioration of muscle performance.
Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions, and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol, is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after acute muscle power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, we will examine the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices.
- Detailed Description
Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting.
For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Core exercises as long as Olympic lifting has been used in muscle power training. The loads that are applied regarding the accomplishment of the most favorable power production are varying. Training load of 0% 1RM favored power production at the countermovement squat jump, while loads of 56% 1rm and 80% 1RM, favored the power production at squat and hang clean, respectively. Additionally, In the recent years, accentuated eccentric training has been proposed as a new training method for the enhancement of muscle power. This method emphasizes the eccentric component of the muscle contraction, and there is evidence supporting the greater production of muscle force after accentuated eccentric training compared with the typical resistance exercise training method.
Taking the above into consideration, muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of the eccentric component depends on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of flexibility speed.
Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions, and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training protocols have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol, is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after muscle acute power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices will be examined.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- TERMINATED
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- 10
- No recent history of musculoskeletal injury
- No use of ergogenic supplements and drugs
- No use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements (> 6 months)
- No participation at intense eccentric exercise for at least 3 days before protocols
- Recent history of musculoskeletal injury
- Use of ergogenic supplements and drugs
- Use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements (< 6 months)
- Participation at intense eccentric exercise for at least 3 days before protocols
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Core exercises protocol Core exercises protocol Participants will perform 4 core exercises Control condition Control condition Participants will perform all the measurements that are comprised in the experimental conditions without performing any exercise protocol Structural exercises protocol Structural exercises protocol Participants will perform 4 structural (Olympic lifting) exercises Accentuated eccentric load exercises protocol Accentuated eccentric load exercises protocol Participants will perform 4 exercises with eccentric loading
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change on countermovement jump (CMJ) height Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol CMJ height will be measured in 3 maximal efforts (the best jump will be recorded) on an Ergojump contact platform
Change on isometric peak torque of the knee flexors (KF) Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Isometric peak torque of the KF will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60◦/sec
Change on concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors (KE) Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Concentric peak torque of the KE will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60◦/sec
Change on isometric peak torque of the knee extensors (KE) Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Isometric peak torque of the KE will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60◦/sec
Change on the concentration of blood lactate Prior to, and immediately after the end of the experimental protocol Lactate will be measured with a portable lactate analyzer using capillary blood
Change on delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Participants will perform three repetitions of a full squat movement, and rate their soreness level in knee flexors and extensors on a visual analog scale from 1 to 10 (VAS, with "no pain" at one end and "extremely sore" at the other), using palpation of the belly and the distal region of relaxed knee extensors and flexors.
Change one eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors (KE) Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Eccentric peak torque of the KE will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60◦/sec
Change on concentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors (KF) Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Concentric peak torque of the KF will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60◦/sec
Change on eccentric isokinetic peak torque of the knee flexors (KF) Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Eccentric peak torque of the KF will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60◦/sec
Change on the concentration of plasma CK activity Prior to, immediately after, 1, 2, 3 days after the end of the experimental protocol Plasma CK activity will be measured with a biochemical analyzer
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Physiology,and Sports Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
🇬🇷Trikala, Thessaly, Greece