Walnut Consumption and Diabetes Risk

Completed

• Conditions: Diabetes Mellitus
• Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Diabetes Outcome

• Registration Number: NCT03224533
• Lead Sponsor: University of California, Los Angeles

Brief Summary

Multiple NHANES surveys were combined and weighted to evaluate relationships between walnut consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus using various independent measures of diabetes status and risk. After risks were ascertained, interactions with gender were analyzed.

Detailed Description

Background. Dietary interventions and cohort studies of tree nuts lowering glucose levels for diabetes suggest a possible effect with walnuts. Objective. To examine the associations between walnut consumption and diabetes risk through data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods. NHANES survey data for 1999 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 hour recall dietary data. Risk of diabetes was based on self-report, medication use, fasting plasma glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Individuals were characterized as reporting consumption of walnuts, mixed 'nuts', or no nuts.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2015-06-01
• Primary Completion: 2017-05-30
• Study Completion: 2017-05-30
• Status Verified: 2017-07
• Study First Submitted: 2017-07-15
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-07-19
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-07-19
• Study First Posted: 2017-07-21
• Last Update Posted: 2017-07-21

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 34121

Inclusion Criteria

• NHANES data from 1999-2014 with food recalls and dietary food intake

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Exclusion Criteria

• not having data on either day of the 24-hour food intake
• individuals who consumed peanuts, but not other nuts on the day of recall, were excluded from the analysis

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Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
No Nuts	Diabetes Outcome	All other foods that did not include walnuts or other nuts were classified as "no nuts" (NN).
Other Nuts	Diabetes Outcome	Foods codes describing nuts that are not walnuts (i.e. cashew nuts, pistachios, etc.) or nut-containing foods that do not commonly contain walnuts (e.g. granola) were classified as "other nuts" (ON).
Walnuts with other nuts	Diabetes Outcome	food codes describing nut mixes and foods that commonly include walnuts were classified as "walnuts with other nuts" (WwON)
Walnuts with high certainty	Diabetes Outcome	Foods consisting entirely or mostly of walnuts were classified as "walnuts with high certainty" (WwHC)

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Diabetes Outcome- Hemoglobin A1c	1999-2014	Based on HbA1c levels
Diabetes Outcome- self report	1999-2014	Based on self-report as told by a doctor
Diabetes Outcome- Fasting Plasma Glucose	1999-2014	Based on FPG levels
Diabetes Outcome- Combined Definition	1999-2014	Based on both FPG and HbA1c levels

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Sex Interaction	1999-2014	based on the previously stated definition outcomes

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of California Los Angeles; 🇺🇸 Los Angeles, California, United States