Effects of Proprioceptive Training and Craniocervical Flexors Training on Balance Control in Smartphone Users with Balance Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial

Not Applicable

• Conditions: People experience neck pain every year, which places a significant burden on the health care system(Hogg- Johnson S et al., relates to high health care costs(Driessen MT et al., 2012) and disabil; Subclinical neck pain; Balance error scoring system; 2008), Smartphone users; Craniocervical flexors training

• Registration Number: TCTR20190104002
• Lead Sponsor: Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University

Brief Summary

Not available

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2019-01-04
• Study Completion: 2019-07-02
• Last Update Posted: 19 August 2024

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: Pending (Not yet recruiting)
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 45

Inclusion Criteria

Participants who meet the following criteria will be included in this study.
1) Subclinical neck pain with recurrent outbreaks and low-grade neck dysfunction but do not take regular treatment (Lee HJ et al., 2004; Lee HJ et al., 2005; Lee HY et al., 2008)
2) University students, 18-25 years of age, BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2 (Hegazy AA et al., 2016; Gustafsson E et al., 2010)
3) Have experience on smartphone use more than 6 months (Xie Y et al., 2016)
4) Use smartphone at least 2 hours per day (Xie Y et al., 2016)
5) Have neck disability index (NDI) score between 5/50 and 15/50 (Izquierdo TG et al., 2016; Falla D et al., 2008; Jull G et al., 2007)
6) Have Mild (VAS 5 - 44 mm) to moderate (VAS 45 - 74 mm) pain scores (Zakaria HM et al., 2017)
7) Voluntary participants who can read and understand English
8) Subclinical neck pain with balance impairment by BESS score ≥ 15 (Iverson GL et al., 2008)

Exclusion Criteria

Participants who meet the following criteria will be excluded.
1) Any visual (if larger letter sizes than 20/20 eyesight), auditory, vestibular, neurology deficits (El Azab DR et al., 2017; Field S et al., 2008)
2) Any traumatic injuries or surgical interventions of the spine and lower limb within one year (Kim GY et al., 2012; Xie Y et al., 2016)
3) Any medical condition which may have a negative effect on balance such as type II diabetes mellitus (Kim GY et al., 2012; Xie Y et al., 2016)
4) Chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, connective tissue disorders such as fibromyalgia (Xie Y et al., 2016), severe low back pain, lower limb fractures and injuries (Lee JH et al., 2014)
5) Who participated in any of the neck muscles strengthening and balance training over the past 12 months (Wing Chiu TT et al., 2005)
6) Have Beck Disability Index (BDI) score > 30/63 (Whitney SL et al., 2007)
7) Have benign postural paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV), migraine, cervicogenic dizziness and Dizziness Handicap Inventory DHI score > 30/100 (Whitney SL et al., 2004)
8) Who participated in any of the neck muscles strengthening and balance training over the past 12 months (Wing Chiu TT et al., 2005)
9) Had taken any sedative drug or alcohol within the past 48 hours (Kim GY et al., 2012; Røgind H al., 2003)
10) Any medical condition that prevented exercise such as exercise-induced asthma, severe heart disease, cervical myelopathy, congenital anomalies, muscular contracture or bony block, psychological and cognitive disturbance.

Study & Design

• Study Type: Interventional
• Study Design: Not specified