Perioperative Aminophylline to Improve High Risk Renal Graft Outcome- a Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

This is a Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial to evaluate whether administration of aminophylline starting pretransplant until post-transplant day 5 improves early kidney function and projects also on long term graft function.

Study Arms and intervention: On admit to the hospital prior to transplant, patients will be randomized into treatment or control arms. The randomization will be based on age groups 1-5y, 5-12y and 12-18y Treatment arm: Patients will receive aminophylline loading dose 5mg/kg prior to transplant and will continue to receive aminophylline 1.8mg/kg Q6h for a total of 20 doses.

Control arm: Patients will receive placebo infusion of normal saline, pre-transplant, followed by normal saline infusions matched by volume and frequency to treatment arm for a total of 20doses.

The only difference between the two arms will be the study intervention. Other than that all patients will receive the same standard of care for patients undergoing a kidney transplant.

Theophylline drug levels will be monitored every morning from all patients for the first 4 days post- transplant. Theophylline levels will be reported independently by the laboratory in a faxed research report directly to the pharmacist who will perform dose adjustments, according to the following table.