Thrombocytopenia and Bleeding in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) Patients

Phase 2

Terminated

Interventions: Diagnostic Test: blood drawing in patients with WAS
Diagnostic Test: blood drawing in healthy controls
Drug: Promacta

Brief Summary: The purpose of this project is to describe the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia and bleeding in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) and determine the response to thrombopoietic agents in vitro and in vivo.

Detailed Description: Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome is an X-linked disease characterized by immunodeficiency, eczema and thrombocytopenia; a milder form of the disease known as X-Linked thrombocytopenia also exists. The thrombocytopenia in both WAS and XLT is characterized by: severe thrombocytopenia with platelet counts frequently less than 10-30,000/ul; small platelets which may be dysfunctional; and, as a result, a high rate of serious bleeding including intracranial hemorrhage.

Because eltrombopag has been shown to be remarkably efficacious in substantially increasing platelet counts in a high percentage of ITP patients, this study seeks to effectively treat patients who exhibit similar pathologies, as well as evaluate the state of platelets in patients with WAS and relate it to clinical bleeding. It also aims to demonstrate whether eltrombopag administered daily will enhance stem cell function, increase platelet production and platelet count, and reduce bleeding in patients with WAS.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

In order to be eligible for study entry, subjects must comply with the following:

Males from 3 months old to 80 years old
Signed written informed consent obtained prior to study entry
Clinical diagnosis of WAS or XLT
Platelet levels less than 100 x 109/L
Adequate renal and hepatic function (creatinine and bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x IULN, AST and ALT less than or equal to 2.5 x IULN)

Exclusion Criteria

Any patient is ineligible for study entry if he/she:

Over the age of 80
Women (only males are eligible)
fertile men who are not practicing or who are unwilling to practice birth control while enrolled in the study or until at least 6 months after treatment
Aspirin, aspirin-containing compounds, salicylates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS), clopidogrel or ticlopidine, warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists, unfractionated or low molecular heparin within 7 days of first infusion
Red blood cell transfusion in the past four weeks
Elevated (> 1.5 x ULN) prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
New York Heart Classification III or IV heart disease. Other severe cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary disease, including COPD.
Known HIV infection, hepatitis B or C infection
Any infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 3 days
Other concurrent medical or psychiatric conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, may be likely to confound study interpretation or prevent completion of study procedures and follow-up examinations.
Prior malignancy with less than a 5-year disease-free interval, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers and carcinoma in situ of the cervix

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
WAS patients for blood drawing only	blood drawing in patients with WAS	WAS patients not receiving treatment to serve as subjects for platelet parameter studies blood drawing once only
healthy children for blood drawing only	blood drawing in healthy controls	healthy children having blood obtained once as controls for platelet parameters study
WAS patients receiving Promacta	Promacta	Promacta® is commercially available in 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, and 75 mg tablets. For this study, for young children unable to swallow a tablet, eltrombopag powder for oral suspension (Eltrombopag PfOS) will be used. PfOS is only available for investigational use at 20mg. Each sachet contains eltrombopag equivalent to 20mg per gm of powder and is reconstituted to a total of 10 ml so that the concentration is 2 mg/ml.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
How Many WAS Patients Will Achieve Platelet Counts Above 50,000/ul.	12 weeks	number of WAS patients achieving this increase to \> 50,000/uL without rescue medication in the previous 3 weeks during eltrombopag treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) With Grade 3 or Higher Bleeding or SAE (on WHO Scale)	12 Weeks	number of patients with bleeding SAEs while on treatment and/or number of patients with grade 3 or higher bleeding on WHO (World Health Organization) scale: the scale is from 1 to 5 with 5 = fatality and 1=very little bleeding
How Many Patients With WAS Had Abnormal Platelet Function Including Activation	12 weeks	in how many patients with WAS were platelets dysfunctional or activated before treatment as measured by flow cytometry to a substantial degree and the same after treatment with eltrombopag
How Many Patients With WAS Had Substantially Increased Platelet Production After Eltrombopag	12 weeks	in how many patients with WAS did eltrombopag increase platelet production as measured by the immature platelet fraction (IPF), a variable derived from the Sysmex auto analyzer, which is considered to be a measure of newly formed platelets ie reticulated platelets