Effects of Daily Almond Intake as a Preload Before Meals Versus as a Snack Among Korean Adults

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Adult Young and Healthy
• Interventions: Other: high-carbohydrate control food; Other: almond

• Registration Number: NCT03014531
• Lead Sponsor: ICAN Nutrition Education and Research

Brief Summary

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily almond intake based on the timing of almond consumption (i.e., almond consumption as a preload or between-meal snack) on body composition, lipid profile, and oxidative and inflammation indicators among young Korean adults.

Detailed Description

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily almond intake on body composition, lipid profile, and oxidative and inflammation indicators among young Korean adults based on the timing of almond consumption. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) a pre-meal group (PM; n = 58) in which participants were instructed to consume 56 g of almonds per day as a preload when having regular meals; (2) a snack group (SN; n =55) in which participants were instructed to consume 56 g of almonds between meals as snacks; and (3) a control group (CL; n = 56) in which participants were provided high-carbohydrate iso-caloric control food. The three-day diet records, including two consecutive weekdays and one weekend day, were done once before the trial and twice during the trial. Body composition was assessed through multi-frequency whole-body bioimpedance measurement using InBody 620 (Biospace Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea).After a 12-hour fast, blood samples were taken at the baseline time point (week 0) and at weeks 8 and 16 by standard venipuncture. The serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were measured by the enzymatic-colorimetric method using a Cobas 8000 c702 chemistry analyzer (Roche Diagnostics; Mannheim, Germany). HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were determined via homogeneous enzymatic colorimetry.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2014-06
• Primary Completion: 2016-05
• Study Completion: 2016-05
• Study First Submitted: 2016-12-25
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-01-06
• Study First Posted: 2017-01-09
• Status Verified: 2017-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-08-14
• Last Update Posted: 2017-08-16

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 227

Inclusion Criteria

• non-smokers
• age 20-39 yr
• Male and Female non-smokers
• BMI 17-30 kg/m2
• under Korean habitual diet

Exclusion criteria:

• any diseases
• any weight change 6 mo before the study
• >2 times/wk nut consumption
• frequent alcohol consumption
• any use of nutrient supplements
• erratic exercise habits
• women who were with irregular menses, taking birth control pills, pregnant or lactating

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
high-carbohydrate control food item	high-carbohydrate control food	In this group, participants were provided with high-carbohydrate control food item that had a similar number of calories as 56 g of almonds.
almond	almond	In this group, participants were provided with 56 g of almonds per day either as preload before meals or snack between meals. A snack was defined as an eating event that occurred between participants' regular meals, specifically two hours before and after meals. All the participants in almond group were provided daily portions of packaged almonds.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Changes of body fat percentages from baseline	week 20
Changes of blood lipid profiles from baseline	week 20

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Changes of blood IL-6 levels	week 16

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

ICAN Nutrition Education and Research; 🇰🇷 Seoul, Korea, Republic of