The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Sweet Taste Intensity and Liking
- Conditions
- Sensory Science
- Interventions
- Registration Number
- NCT02112292
- Lead Sponsor
- Wageningen University
- Brief Summary
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, a neurochemical signalling system consisting of CB-receptors and their endogenous ligands, has been found to be involved in food intake of sweet and palatable foods. Activation of the eCB system increases food intake and vice versa. The mechanism behind this effect is still unknown and the current study aims at clarifying why sweet food intake increases. It is hypothesized that sweet taste intensity increases and that sweet taste is experienced as more pleasant.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- Male
- Target Recruitment
- 10
- BMI: 18.5 - 25 kg/m2
- Incidental cannabis use for at least one year, at least four times per year, but less than once a week.
- Dutch-speaking
- Willing to comply with the study procedures
- Having given written informed consent
- Not meeting the inclusion criteria
- Restraint eating (men: score > 2.90)
- Lack of appetite
- Having difficulties with swallowing/eating
- Usage of an energy restricted diet during the last two months
- Weight loss or weight gain of 5kg or more during the last two months
- Stomach or bowel disease
- Diabetes, thyroid disease, other endocrine disorders
- Use of daily medication except paracetamol
- Having taste or smell disorders (self-report)
- Being allergic/intolerant for products under study
- Previously experienced an adverse reaction to cannabinoids (e.g. anxiety, paranoia, nausea)
- Having (had) a schizophrenia or other psychotic illness
- Having a family history of schizophrenia or other psychotic illness
- Working at the Division of Human Nutrition (WUR)
- Current participation in other research from the Division of Human Nutrition (WUR)
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- CROSSOVER
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description C - T - P Placebo Order of administrations: cannabidiol - tetrahydrocannabinol - placebo T-C-P Placebo Order of administrations: tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol - placebo T-P-C Placebo Order of administrations: tetrahydrocannabinol - placebo - cannabidiol T-C-P tetrahydrocannabinol Order of administrations: tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol - placebo T-P-C tetrahydrocannabinol Order of administrations: tetrahydrocannabinol - placebo - cannabidiol C - P - T Placebo Order of administrations: cannabidiol - placebo - tetrahydrocannabinol P - C - T Placebo Order of administrations: placebo - cannabidiol - tetrahydrocannabinol P - T - C Placebo Order of administrations: placebo - tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol P - T - C cannabidiol Order of administrations: placebo - tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol T-C-P cannabidiol Order of administrations: tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol - placebo T-P-C cannabidiol Order of administrations: tetrahydrocannabinol - placebo - cannabidiol C - T - P tetrahydrocannabinol Order of administrations: cannabidiol - tetrahydrocannabinol - placebo C - T - P cannabidiol Order of administrations: cannabidiol - tetrahydrocannabinol - placebo C - P - T tetrahydrocannabinol Order of administrations: cannabidiol - placebo - tetrahydrocannabinol C - P - T cannabidiol Order of administrations: cannabidiol - placebo - tetrahydrocannabinol P - C - T tetrahydrocannabinol Order of administrations: placebo - cannabidiol - tetrahydrocannabinol P - T - C tetrahydrocannabinol Order of administrations: placebo - tetrahydrocannabinol - cannabidiol P - C - T cannabidiol Order of administrations: placebo - cannabidiol - tetrahydrocannabinol
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Relation between sweet taste intensity and liking 15 minutes after intervention The main study parameter is the relation between sucrose intensity scaling (psychophysics) and liking (psychohedonics) of drinks with the different sucrose concentrations. These scores will be assessed after six participants and at end of the study.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Ranking order of pleasantness of different drinks with different levels of sucrose. 25 minutes after intervention Ranking order will be assessed after 6 participants and at end of the study
Preferences for different kinds of foods 45 minutes after intervention (15 minutes after top-up dose) Preference for foods high in one of three macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat) or low in energy
Ad libitum intake 35 minutes after intervention (5 minutes after top-up dose) Ad libitum intake of a chocolate-based drink
Change of plasma levels of (endo-)cannabinoids and satiety hormones One hour after intervention Polymorphisms At test session, i.e., 2 weeks before first intervention The genetic determination of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of THC and CBD.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Wageningen University
🇳🇱Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands