Evaluation of Smoking and Oxidative Stress-Induced RNA and DNA Damage in Patients With Stage III Periodontitis
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 88
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Salivary oxidative DNA and RNA damage (8-OHdG and 8-OHG levels)
研究概览
简要总结
This study looked at whether a type of gum disease called Stage III periodontitis and cigarette smoking are linked to higher levels of "oxidative stress." Oxidative stress can damage DNA and RNA, which are important parts of our cells. Two markers in saliva-8-OHdG (a sign of DNA damage) and 8-OHG (a sign of RNA damage)-were measured to understand this.
Researchers included four groups of adults: smokers with periodontitis, non-smokers with periodontitis, healthy smokers, and healthy non-smokers. All participants had a dental exam, which checked things like gum inflammation, bleeding, and pocket depth. After the exam, an unstimulated saliva sample was collected from each person. The samples were tested in a laboratory using a sensitive method that measures oxidative damage.
The study found that people with periodontitis had higher levels of DNA and RNA damage in their saliva than healthy people. The highest levels were seen in smokers with periodontitis. Even healthy smokers showed higher levels of oxidative stress than healthy non-smokers. In general, worse gum disease was linked to higher levels of oxidative damage.
These results suggest that saliva tests for 8-OHdG and 8-OHG may help identify gum disease in a simple, non-invasive way. The findings also show that smoking adds to the body's oxidative stress, especially when gum disease is present. The study provides new information about how smoking and gum disease together may affect cell health.
详细描述
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Oxidative stress plays a central role in its pathogenesis, as excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage cellular structures, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Among oxidative stress-related biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) are widely recognized indicators of DNA and RNA damage, respectively. These biomarkers reflect the biochemical consequences of oxidative stress and are increasingly used to evaluate host responses in periodontal disease.
Cigarette smoking is one of the strongest environmental risk factors for periodontitis and is known to enhance oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms. However, the combined effect of smoking and advanced periodontitis on salivary oxidative DNA and RNA damage has not been fully clarified. Assessing both 8-OHdG and 8-OHG simultaneously may provide deeper insight into the molecular pathways linking smoking, inflammation, and periodontal tissue destruction.
This study was designed to evaluate salivary levels of oxidative nucleic acid damage in individuals with Stage III periodontitis who smoke or do not smoke, as well as in periodontally healthy controls. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between these biomarkers and clinical periodontal measurements. By examining DNA and RNA oxidation together, the study sought to provide a multidimensional understanding of the host oxidative response in periodontitis.
All participants underwent full-mouth periodontal examination performed by a calibrated clinician. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected under standardized morning conditions, processed by centrifugation to remove cellular debris, and stored at -80°C until biochemical analysis. Levels of 8-OHdG and 8-OHG were quantified using a high-sensitivity ELISA method capable of detecting multiple oxidized guanine derivatives.
Biochemical findings demonstrated that oxidative DNA and RNA damage levels were higher in individuals with periodontitis compared to healthy controls, with smokers exhibiting the highest levels overall. Oxidative biomarker levels showed positive correlations with key periodontal parameters, including probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding on probing. These results suggest that the inflammatory burden of periodontitis amplifies oxidative stress at the nucleic acid level and that smoking contributes an additional biological load.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Individuals aged 18 years or older
- •Having at least 16 permanent teeth, excluding third molars
- •Not using orthodontic appliances
- •Not pregnant or breastfeeding
- •Systemically healthy individuals with no systemic diseases that could affect periodontal status
- •No use of anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial medications within the last 6 months
- •No periodontal treatment within the last 12 months
排除标准
- •Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.
- •Use of anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial drugs in the past 6 months.
- •Use of antioxidant supplements in the past 3 months.
- •Periodontal treatment within the past 12 months.
- •Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
- •Any oral infection.
- •Fewer than 16 permanent teeth (excluding third molars).
- •Alcohol dependence.
- •Active infectious diseases (Acute hepatitis, AIDS, tuberculosis), malignancy, or any systemic condition that may affect periodontal tissues.
- •Current use of medications known to affect periodontal tissues (phenytoin, cyclosporine A, calcium channel blockers).
结局指标
主要结局
Salivary oxidative DNA and RNA damage (8-OHdG and 8-OHG levels)
时间窗: Baseline (periodontal examination visit and saliva collection visit, before any periodontal treatment)
Concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) measured in unstimulated whole saliva using a high-sensitivity competitive ELISA kit. Saliva samples are collected at a separate baseline visit within the study period, after full-mouth periodontal examination and before any periodontal therapy. Biomarker levels (ng/mL) were compared across the four study groups and analyzed in relation to clinical periodontal parameters. Higher values indicate greater oxidative nucleic acid damage.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Zehra Hasgül
Periodontology Specialist (Resident)
Ankara University