The Effect of Long-lasting Adaptation to Intensive Speed-power and Endurance Training on Plasma Free Amino Acids Concentration at Rest, During Graded Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 进行中（未招募）
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 58
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- absolute Plasma Free Amino Acids Concentration (42 amino acids)
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this observational study was to detect the long-term effect of two different training modalities - speed-power and endurance training - on changes in plasma free amino acid (PFAA) concentration at rest, during graded exercise and post-exercise recovery period. It was assumed that these training modalities cause different amino acids concentration in human blood depending on long-term sport specialization and predominant exercise type (the contribution of high-intensity exercise related to anaerobic metabolism). The hypotheses were:
- highly-trained speed-power have higher concentrations of PFAA than endurance athletes;
- PFAA concentration varies with the change in training loads in a one-year training cycle. Higher PFAA concentrations is expected in training phases with larger contribution of high-intensity exercise;
- PFAA concentration per 1 kg muscle mass differ between speed-power and endurance athletes.
Forty-eght highly-trained athletes aged 18-32 years with longer competitive sport experience - sprinters vs triathletes/distance runners - and 10 recreationally trained controls were examined. Laboratory tests were conducted in consecutive training subphases.
(i) Body composition and muscle mass was assessed using densitometry. (ii) Participants underwent a graded exercise treadmill test until exhaustion. (iii) Blood samples were drawn at rest, during exercise (every 3 min, at each speed change), and after exercise (immediately and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min post exercise).
(iv)The analysis of PFAA profiles was based on the Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) technique and the aTRAQ reagent. This allowed to quantify 42 PFAAs.
The results improve the understanding of metabolic adaptation to long-term exercise programmes. Possible practical application encompasses the domains of exercise medicine, sport and public health.
The novelty of the project: (1) comparing the effect of two different training models on PFAA concentration, (2) tracking the changes in PFAAs across a one-year training cycle, (3) repeated multiple sampling in one exercise session including resting conditions, (4) introducing skeletal muscle mass as a factor potentially affecting PFAA profiles, (5) a large number (42) of proteinogenic- and non-proteinogenic PFAAs, (6) homogenous highly-trained athletic groups, and (7) a proven state-of-the-art method to determine PFAAs.
详细描述
I. Study goal
Long-term effect of two different training modalities - speed-power and endurance training - on changes in plasma free amino acid (PFAA) concentration at rest, during graded exercise until exhaustion and recovery period was compared. The model cohorts were highly-trained athletes. The assumption was that structured long-lasting speed-power and endurance training cause adaptations resulting in different PFAA concentration and that the changes depend on long-term sport specialization (predominant exercise type) and training phase of the one-year cycle (contribution of high-intensity exercise based on anaerobic metabolism characterized by rapid adenosine-5'-triphosphate degradation). A larger contribution of high-intensity exercise is used by speed-power athletes and in phases of specific preparation/competition. There is a lack of research on long-term effects of physical training on changes in PFAAs. This picture is supllemented by monitoring changes in a set of 42 proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic PFAAs. Short- and long-lasting effects of training on levels and time course of PFAA concentration during exercise and recovery will be shown. The main goals were:
- To compare the effect of the two entirely different training modalities (speed-power and endurance) on PFAA concentration.
- To observe the effect of training load character on changes in resting, exercise and post-exercise PFAA concentration in consecutive training phases of a one-year training cycle.
- To determine the link between PFAA concentration and exercise modality, taking into account skeletal muscle mass.
II. Background
Only 3-6% of the total energy utilized during prolonged endurance exercise is derived from oxidation of AAs. However, the proportion of energy from AA catabolism considerably increases during exercise. Although protein turnover does not contribute substantially to the energy expenditure, it may fill other important functions during exercise. AAs may delay muscle glycogen depletion.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Cohort
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- 未提供
排除标准
- 未提供
结局指标
主要结局
absolute Plasma Free Amino Acids Concentration (42 amino acids)
时间窗: 4 times in a 1-year training cycle: at rest, during graded exercise (every 3 min), and during recovery (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min)
µmol/L
relative Plasma Free Amino Acids Concentration (42 amino acids)
时间窗: 4 times in a 1-year training cycle: at rest, during graded exercise (every 3 min), and during recovery (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min)
µmol/L/kg muscle mass
次要结局
- relative Fat Mass (rFM)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- absolute Skeletal Muscle Mass (aSMM)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- relative Skeletal Muscle Mass (rSMM)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- absolute Lean Body Mass (aLBM)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- absolute Fat Mass (aFM)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- absolute Maximum Oxygen Uptake (aVO2max)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- relative Maximum Oxygen Uptake 1 (r1VO2max)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- relative Maximum Oxygen Uptake 2 (r2VO2max)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
- relative Lean Body Mass (rLBM)(4 times in a 1-year training cycle)
研究者
Krzysztof Kusy
Associated Professor
Poznan University of Physical Education