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Spatial Analysis of Host-parasite Interactions in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia

Completed
Conditions
Cutaneous Leishmaniases
Interventions
Diagnostic Test: skin biopsy
Diagnostic Test: venous blood sample (plasma, PBMC, WB)
Genetic: venous blood sample (HLA)
Genetic: skin slit
Registration Number
NCT05332093
Lead Sponsor
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium
Brief Summary

Cutaneous leishmaniasis manifestations range from self-healing localized skin ulcers/nodules to diffusely spread chronic lesions. Knowledge on the host-parasite interactions underpinning the different clinical presentations is scarce, in particular for L. aethiopica infections where disease can be extremely severe. Our aim is to define differences in skin immune responses and parasite virulence in CL patients at single cell/parasite level and how it underpins the different clinical presentations (localised, mucocutaneous and diffuse), by producing the first spatially-resolved 'ecological' map of the lesions.

Detailed Description

Specific objectives:

1. To profile the full heterogeneity in skin and lesion immunity (single cell RNAseq), and the cellular microenvironment surrounding infected and non-infected macrophages (digital spatial profiling).

2. To study the genomic diversity of L. aethiopica and identify features associated with the different clinical presentations (whole genome sequencing).

3. To understand how parasites respond to the microenvironmental conditions and define parasite survival niches (digital spatial profiling).

4. Study metabolic determinants of skin immunity (e.g. lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, short-chain fatty acids) in the context of key structural features of the skin landscape known to influence local metabolism and immune response (e.g. adipose tissue, follicles, microvasculature) (SpatialOMx).

5. To investigate the association between patient outcomes and the above host/parasite factors at baseline.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
92
Inclusion Criteria
  • Willing and able to provide informed consent
  • Clinically confirmed CL diagnosis
  • Between 12 and 50 years of age
Exclusion Criteria
  • Difficult or too painful sampling zone (see skin biopsy procedure below)
  • (Primary) lesion size < 1 cm
  • Already receiving CL treatment or received CL treatment in the last 3 months (excluding traditional medicine)
  • Known major comorbidity at time of diagnosis (e.g. VL, HIV, TB, malaria, severe intestinal helminth infection)
  • Medical history of VL
  • Severely underweight (BMI<16)
  • Known pregnancy
  • Use of immunosuppressive medication in the last month
  • Known excessive alcohol use (between >10 intakes/day and >10 intakes/week)
  • History of hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics
  • Presence of keloids/hypertrophic scars

Study & Design

Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Design
Not specified
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (MCL)skin slitmucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Healthy control patients group Belgium (HC - Belgium)skin biopsyhealthy control patients undergoing plastic surgery in Belgium
Local cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (LCL)venous blood sample (plasma, PBMC, WB)local cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Local cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (LCL)venous blood sample (HLA)local cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (MCL)venous blood sample (HLA)mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (DCL)venous blood sample (plasma, PBMC, WB)diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Healthy control patients group Ethiopia (HC - Ethiopia)skin biopsyhealthy control patients undergoing elective surgery in Northern Ethiopia
Local cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (LCL)skin biopsylocal cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (MCL)venous blood sample (plasma, PBMC, WB)mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (DCL)skin biopsydiffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Local cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (LCL)skin slitlocal cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (MCL)skin biopsymucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (DCL)venous blood sample (HLA)diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients group (DCL)skin slitdiffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Spatially resolved determination of the metabolic profile of the CL lesion using spatial OMxDay 0

The metabolic determinants of skin immunity (e.g. lipid metabolism, bioenergetics, short-chain fatty acids) in the context of key structural features of the skin landscape known to influence local metabolism and immune response (e.g. adipose tissue, follicles, microvasculature) will be studied by SpatialOMx.

The association between host/parasite factors and patients after treatment using clinical parametersMonth 6

Patients are clinically assessed at day 0 (baseline visit), day 28 and month 6. These clinical assessments include a medical questionnaire and lesion assessment, and are compared with the single cell RNA sequencing and spatial resolution data to define potential causal relations between patient outcomes and immunometabolic factors.

Spatially resolved immunological characterization of the CL lesion using single cell RNA sequencing and digital spatial profilingDay 0

Using single cell RNA sequencing and digital spatial profiling methods, we will profile the full heterogeneity in healthy skin/lesion immunity and the cellular microenvironment surrounding infected and non-infected macrophages, respectively.

Genomic characterization of L. aethiopica using whole genome sequencingDay 0

Whole genome sequencing will allow us to study the genomic diversity of L. aethiopica and identify features associated with the different clinical presentations.

Defining microenvironment and parasite niches in CL lesions using digital spatial profilingDay 0

The digital spatial profiling will indicate the different microenvironmental conditions and parasite survival niches.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Gondar

🇪🇹

Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia

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