The Relationship Between Trunk Control and Disability in Persons With Early Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

This scale used to evaluate the trunk control of the participants, TIS contains static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination. The total score of this scale is from 0 to 23 and a high score indicates better trunk control. The patients were placed in the standard sitting position for the test and the parameters were applied. Standart position is such that the knees are flexed at 90 degrees, without back support, with the hands and forearms on the thighs and the feet in contact with the ground.

Step Width (cm)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

EDSS was used to determine the patients' level of disability. EDSS is most commonly used to assess the level of disability in persons with MS. In this scale pyramidal, cerebral, cerebellar, brainstem, visual and sensory subparameters are evaluated it consists of ordinal rating system ranging from 0 (normal neurological status) to 10 (death due to MS) in 0.5 increments interval (when reaching EDSS 1). The lower scale values of the EDSS measure impairments based on the neurological examination, while the upper range of the scale (\> EDSS 6) measures handicaps of patients with MS. The determination of EDSS 4 - 6 is heavily dependent on aspects of walking ability

Biodex Balance System (BBS) (MedicalSystems, Shirley, NY, USA)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

This system is a multiaxial device that objectively measures and records a patient's ability to stabilize the involved joint under dynamic stress. The BBS measures, in degrees, the tilt about each axis during dynamic conditions and calculates a medial-lateral stability index (MLSI), anterior-posterior stability index (APSI), and an overall stability index (OSI). These indexes represent fluctuations around a zero point established before testing when the platform is stable. A high score in the all parameters indicates poor balance. The test was performed in 3 repetitions, each lasting 20 seconds, with a 10-second rest period in between, under different conditions, including eyes open-closed, firm-foam surface, and static-dynamic surface. The average of the three repetitions was calculated automatically by the device

Step Length (cm)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Stride Length (cm)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Step time (s)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Cadence (steps/min)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Velocity (m/s)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

It is a short, standardized, quantitative test used to evaluate upper extremity function. In the test, patients are asked to pick up nine wooden pegs from a platform as quickly as possible and then place them back into the holes.In our study, the test was conducted twice for both the dominant and non-dominant hands, and the average completion time was recorded.

Stride time (s)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

The temporal-spatial characteristics of gait were assessed through the utilization of dynamic pedobarography. Dynamic pedobarographic analysis was performed with the implementation of a pressure platform (Zebris® FDM 2, dimensions 212.2x60.5x2.5 cm, Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) positioned at the center of an 8-meter walking path. Patients completed the gait cycle three times, once for forward and once for backward gait, while barefoot.

Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW)

时间窗: up to 8 weeks

This test is designed for the evaluation of lower extremity functions.Initiated at the participant's first step, the test concludes upon reaching the finish line. The participants are instructed to walk as expeditiously as feasible within a specified time frame without running. The duration taken to traverse the 25-foot distance, both for the outbound and return segments, is documented, and subsequently, the average of these two durations is calculated.