BEing Safe in Treatment
- Conditions
- Substance UseSex, UnsafeRisk ReductionRisk Behavior
- Interventions
- Behavioral: BEST assessment plus feedback reportBehavioral: BEST assessment onlyBehavioral: Standard Counselor TrainingBehavioral: Enhanced Counselor Training
- Registration Number
- NCT03575585
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Washington
- Brief Summary
Prior research has shown that many individuals with substance use disorders engage in HIV/sexual risk behaviors, and could strongly benefit from HIV prevention interventions that were delivered as part of their substance abuse treatment. However, discussions about sexual risk are not occurring at an appropriate frequency in treatment settings. This project will test the effects of counselor training and coaching, combined with a brief assessment and feedback tool, on counselor-patient communication about sex and on patient sexual risk behavior.
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 537
- Admitted to substance use disorder treatment in the prior 45 days,
- Age 18 years or older
- Plan to remain in the local area for the next three months
- Assigned to a treatment counselor enrolled in the study.
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- FACTORIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Comparator: No Feedback, Standard Counselor Standard Counselor Training Patient assigned to a Standard Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, but did NOT receive a feedback report. Active1: Feedback, Standard Counselor BEST assessment plus feedback report Patient assigned to a Standard Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, and received a personalized feedback report. Active2: No feedback, Enhanced Counselor Enhanced Counselor Training Patient assigned to a Enhanced Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, but did NOT receive a feedback report. Comparator: No Feedback, Standard Counselor BEST assessment only Patient assigned to a Standard Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, but did NOT receive a feedback report. Active1: Feedback, Standard Counselor Standard Counselor Training Patient assigned to a Standard Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, and received a personalized feedback report. Active2: No feedback, Enhanced Counselor BEST assessment only Patient assigned to a Enhanced Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, but did NOT receive a feedback report. Active3: Feedback, Enhanced Counselor Enhanced Counselor Training Patient assigned to a Enhanced Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, and received a personalized feedback report. Active3: Feedback, Enhanced Counselor BEST assessment plus feedback report Patient assigned to a Enhanced Training counselor, completed the BEST assessment, and received a personalized feedback report.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Patient unprotected sexual occasions 6-month follow-up Number of unprotected sexual occasions, measured via self-report on the BEST assessment for the prior 90 days
Discussions of sex during counseling session 3-month follow-up Patient report of number of counseling sessions in past 90 days in which sexual risk was discussed with patients
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Combining sex and drugs 3- and 6-month follow-up Patient self-report of number of occasions combining drug use and sex in the 90 days prior to 3- and 6-month follow-up.
Patient HIV transmission knowledge 3- and 6-month follow-up Patients' HIV knowledge was assessed via self-report using the 18-item HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18: Carey \& Schroder, 2002). Items, such as "A woman can get HIV if she has anal sex with a man," are answered "true," "false," or "don't know." Scores range from zero to 18.
Counselor HIV transmission knowledge Baseline to 1-week post-training and 3-month follow-up Counselors' HIV knowledge was assessed via self-report using the 18-item HIV Knowledge Questionnaire (HIV-KQ-18: Carey \& Schroder, 2002). Items, such as "A woman can get HIV if she has anal sex with a man," are answered "true," "false," or "don't know." Scores range from zero to 18.
Patient sexual partners 3- and 6-month follow-up Self-reported number of sexual partners in the 90 days prior to 3- and 6-month follow-up.
Counselor self-efficacy for discussing sex Baseline to 1-week post-training and 3-month follow-up The Sexual Intervention Self-Efficacy Scale (Miller \& Byers, 2008) used 16 items via 4 subscales: Comfort/Bias Self-Efficacy (4 items; e.g., I will be able to treat clients with sexual problems even when I don't necessarily agree with their decisions/actions), Skill Self-Efficacy (5 items; e.g., I am unfamiliar with the techniques used to intervene with individuals who have sexual concerns/problems), and Confidence in Ability to Relay Accurate Information (7 items; e.g., I am confident that I can relay accurate information to clients about sexual orientation/identity issues). We also included 3 of 4 items from Miller \& Byers (2008; 2012) Willingness to Treat Sexual Issues Scale (e.g., If a couple told me that they were having a sexual problem I would refer them to another clinician). Items were on a 6-point scale ("Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree"). Total scale score equaled the mean of all items. Scoring (after some item reversal) is toward greater self-efficacy.
Patient unprotected sexual occasions with a casual partner 3- and 6-month follow-up Self-reported number of unprotected sexual occasions with a partner who is not a committed monogamous partner, in the 90 days prior to 3- and 6-month follow-up.
Patient attitudes toward condoms 3- and 6-month follow-up The Condom Barriers Scale (CBS) (Doyle, Calsyn \& Ball, 2009; St. Lawrence et al., 1999) completed by patient participants is a self-report instrument consisting of 29 items worded as short statements and rated by participants on a 5-point Likert-type scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Items reflect attitudes about condoms, which may act as barriers towards condom use. Scores are obtained on four conceptual domains: Partner Barriers (8 items), Effects on Sexual Experience (7 items), Access/Availability (8 items), and Motivational Barriers (6 items) and Total Score.
Patient risk reduction activities 3- and 6-month follow-up Self-report of engagement in lifestyle risk reduction activities in the 90 days prior to 3- and 6-month follow-up, assessed via the Lifestyle Enhancement Survey. The Lifestyle Enhancement Survey (Calsyn, unpublished), was designed to assess the degree to which patient participants were using strategies to avoid sexual risk and to disentangle their sexual behavior from substance use. Originally designed for a prior pilot study, the version used for this study was modified to align with suggestions included in the Personalized Feedback Report.
Counselor sexual attitudes Baseline to 1-week post-training and 3-months To assess change in counselor sexual attitudes, we used 20 items of the 25-item Sexual Attitude Scale (Hudson, Murphy \& Nurius, 1983), an instrument intended to measure the extent to which a participant "adheres to a liberal or a conservative orientation toward human sexual expression" (Hudson et al., 1983, pp. 258). On a 5-point scales, ranging from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree," participants rate items, such as "I think there is too much sexual freedom given to adults these days." To reduce participant burden, we abbreviated the scale, removing 5 of 20 items. Two additional items were slightly revised to update language.
Counselor skill for discussing sexual issues in counseling sessions 1-week post-training and 3-month follow-up Demonstrated skills in reviewing a personalized feedback report with a Standardized Patient, as coded by independent coders.