Investigation of Cervical Muscle Endurance and Pressure Pain Threshold in University Students With Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction: A Case-Control Study
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Kırıkkale University
- Enrollment
- 60
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Cervical Muscle Endurance Assessment
Overview
Brief Summary
Aim: This study aims to compare the static endurance of cervical region muscles, pressure pain thresholds of selected muscles of the stomatognathic system, and postural characteristics in young adults with and without temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD).
Method: A total of 60 university students aged between 18 and 25 years will be included in the study. Participants will be divided into two groups: individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD group, n=30) and healthy controls (control group, n=30). The static endurance of cervical flexor and extensor muscles will be assessed using standardized endurance tests. Pressure pain thresholds of the temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, and upper trapezius muscles will be measured using a pressure algometer. Postural characteristics will be evaluated using the New York Posture Analysis (NYPA).
Detailed Description
The socio-demographic data of the individuals, including age, height, weight, etc., were recorded. The Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) was used to identify the presence of TMD, and individuals with a score above 15 (FAI≥15) were determined to have TMD. Additionally, individuals' muscular endurance was assessed using a standard endurance test, pressure pain thresholds were measured with an algometer, and posture was evaluated using the New York Posture Analysis.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Observational
- Observational Model
- Case Control
- Time Perspective
- Prospective
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 25 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Currently enrolled as a student at Igdır University.
- •The inclusion criterion for the TMD group was defined as scoring 15 points or more on the Fonseca Anamnesis Index (FAI), while the criterion for the control group was an FAI score below 15.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Underwent surgery in the neck or mandibular regions
- •Had a history of intervertebral disk problems, regardless of clinical symptoms
- •Experienced mechanical neck pain for ≥3 months
- •Had scoliosis
- •Had reducible or irreducible displacement of the temporomandibular joint disk
- •Had a history of trigeminal neuralgia
- •Were undergoing orthodontic dental treatment
Arms & Interventions
TMD Group
TMD group was defined as scoring 15 points or more on the Fonseca Anamnesis Index (FAI).
Control Group
Control group was an FAI score below 15.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Cervical Muscle Endurance Assessment
Time Frame: 2 week
Static endurance of cervical flexor and extensor muscles was measured in seconds. Extensors: participants lay prone, lifted the head slightly, and held a 2-kg weight as long as possible. Flexors: participants lay supine, performed slight craniocervical flexion, and maintained the position. Test ended with pain, loss of position, or sufficient endurance. Intra-observer reliability: flexors 0.71-0.93, extensors 0.73-0.85.
Pressure Pain Threshold Assesment
Time Frame: 2 week
Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured using a Baseline Push-Pull Force Gauge® algometer with a 1 cm rubber tip. After familiarization, pressure was applied perpendicularly to the most sensitive points of the upper trapezius, masseter, temporalis, and SCM muscles until participants reported pain. Each site was tested three times with ≥20 s intervals, and the average value was recorded as the PPT.
Secondary Outcomes
- Posture Assessment(2 week)
Investigators
BİNNAZ BOZKURT AKPULAT
Lecturer
Kırıkkale University