The Effects of Resistance Exercise on Appetite Control, Food Reward, and Energy Intake in Different Menstrual Cycles
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 18
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in total-GLP-1
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The study aims to provide insights into how menstrual cycle phases impact appetite responses to resistance exercise in young women. Healthy young women will participate in four trials: the exercise session in the follicular phase, the exercise session in the luteal phase, the control session in the follicular phase, and the control session in the luteal phase. Various measurements will be taken, including subjective appetite perceptions, appetite hormones, food preferences, lactate levels, estradiol levels, progesterone levels, and energy intake.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 20 Years to 30 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age: 20-30
- •Healthy female with normal menstruation
- •Weight stable for at least 6 months
Exclusion Criteria
- •Overweight (BMI > 30 kg/m^2 or body fat > 30%)
- •Hypertension (> 140/90 mmHg)
- •Cardiovascular disease, cancer or other chronic diseases
Arms & Interventions
The exercise in the follicular phase (EF)
Resistance exercise during the early-follicular phase (approximately during days 1-7 of the menstrual cycle).
Intervention: Resistance exercise (Other)
The exercise in the luteal phase (EL)
Resistance exercise during the mid-luteal phase (approximately during days 18-25 of the menstrual cycle).
Intervention: Resistance exercise (Other)
The control in the follicular phase (CF)
Sit and rest during the early-follicular phase (approximately during days 1-7 of the menstrual cycle).
The control in the luteal phase (CL)
Sit and rest during the mid-luteal phase (approximately during days 18-25 of the menstrual cycle).
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in total-GLP-1
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
total-GLP-1 in pg/mL
Change in active-GLP-1
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
active-GLP-1 in pg/mL
Change in total-Ghrelin
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
total-Ghrelin in pg/mL
Change in acyl-Ghrelin
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL
Change in PYY
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
PYY in pg/mL
Change in lactate
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
insulin in mmol/L
Subjective appetite
Time Frame: 4 hours during each study intervention
The appetite perceptions are obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed include perceptions of hunger (i.e., "How hungry do you feel?"), satisfaction (i.e., "How satisfied do you feel?"), fullness (i.e., "How full do you feel?"), prospective food consumption (i.e., "How much do you think you can eat?"), and nausea (i.e., "How nauseous do you feel?"), with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely.".
Secondary Outcomes
- Explicit liking(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Implicit wanting(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Taste appeal bias(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Change in glucose(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Explicit wanting(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Relative preference(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Fat appeal bias(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Energy intake(3 days during each study intervention)
- Change in TG(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Change in insulin(4 hours during each study intervention)
- Sex hormones(4 hours during each study intervention)