Smartphone-Based Use of Phonocardiography Technique for Estimating Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: Performance Study

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Exercise

• Registration Number: NCT06848179
• Lead Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong

Brief Summary

This study aims to investigate the use of heart sound recordings, or phonocardiograms, recorded with smartphones' built-in microphones and accessory microphones to estimate heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). HR refers to the number of heart beats per minute, while HRV refers to the variation in the intervals between heart beats.

Participants will have their heart sounds (phonocardiograms) recorded before and after exercise, and electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) data recorded before, during, and after exercise to induce a wide range of HR.

Researchers will match the phonocardiograms, ECG, and PPG data to create a database for use in future training and testing of algorithms (including artificial intelligence (AI)).

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-02
• Study First Submitted: 2025-02-21
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-02-21
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-02-21
• Study First Posted: 2025-02-26
• Last Update Posted: 2025-02-26
• Study Start: 2025-03
• Primary Completion: 2025-07
• Study Completion: 2025-07

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 50

Inclusion Criteria

• With no tattoos on their body where a smartwatch will be placed

Exclusion Criteria

• Not ready to undertake physical activity as assessed by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) derived from the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology
• Implanted active medical devices in the torso, such as pacemakers and defibrillators
• Failure to collect baseline heart sound time series from ECG or both smartphone and auscultation pin before exercise

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
HR estimation	Day 0	The algorithm will estimate participants' HR from phonocardiograms at multiple timepoints. The concordance correlation coefficient, mean bias, and limits of agreement will be calculated for HR with ECG-derived HR as the gold standard.
HRV estimation	Day 0	The algorithm will estimate participants' HRV from phonocardiograms at multiple timepoints. The absolute difference (error) in HRV estimation will be calculated with ECG-derived HRV as the gold standard.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Participants' comfort level for devices used in this study	Day 0	A survey will be given to participants after heart data collection to evaluate their preferences and comfort level when using the different devices to measure HR and HRV.