Pediatric-Quiz Game Behaviour Guidance in Children

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Behavior, Child
• Interventions: Other: Pediatric Quiz Game

• Registration Number: NCT06241157
• Lead Sponsor: Marmara University

Brief Summary

Behavior orientation is the cornerstone of the success of pediatric dentistry. The use of behavior management techniques enables children to learn appropriate behavior and coping skills, reduce anxiety, and facilitate the delivery of adequate oral health care. Some behavior guidance systems have been tried to be created. On the basis of the magic game, it has been tried to move the children away from the current real situation, the reality of dental treatment, to move forward in communication and successful results have been obtained. The main thing in the technique is to start the communication with the child in the waiting room of the dentist and to reduce the anxiety of the child by improving the self-efficacy perception of the child. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of question-answer behavior guidance technique in dental treatment in pediatric patients.

Detailed Description

Behavior orientation is the cornerstone of the success of pediatric dentistry. The use of behavior management techniques enables children to learn appropriate behavior and coping skills, reduce anxiety, and facilitate the delivery of adequate oral health care. Better communication can be achieved when children feel the freedom to express themselves. In the same way, parents may state that in cases where there is no coercion and verbal communication, the children are uncomfortable and they have problems during their second-third dentist visits.

However, in some cases, success may not be achieved even if different behavior management techniques are applied. Activities such as diverting attention in children to other areas, starting the communication in the waiting room before entering the practice environment can lead to self-confidence, relaxation and confidence. The method of rewarding can also be very effective in directing behavior in children. For this reason, it communicates with a combination of some techniques without depending on only one technique and can lead to applications in dentistry practice.

Based on this idea, some behavior guidance systems have been tried to be created. On the basis of the magic game, it has been tried to move the children away from the current real situation, the reality of dental treatment, to move forward in communication and successful results have been obtained.

With this information, the aim of our study is to experience a new behavior management technique in children. The main thing in the technique is to start the communication with the child in the waiting room of the dentist and to reduce the anxiety of the child by improving the self-efficacy perception of the child. In this direction, in order to increase the child's self-efficacy perception, simple questions are asked to the child about colors, fruits and animals, if necessary, clues are given to give correct answers, and verbal praise for correct answers aims to increase self-efficacy perception and reduce anxiety. After the communication is started in the waiting room, the dental examination, dental chair and planned procedures will be introduced to the child, together with the tell-show-do method, as always practiced in the dental chair. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of question-answer behavior guidance technique in dental treatment in pediatric patients. Children's pain and anxiety levels were assessed by various tests designed to purpose. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), a self-reporting scale,was preferred to evaluate children's experience of pain. The scale displayed a colored spectrum on the front side ranging from no pain (white) to severe pain (red), which indicates relevant pain scores ranging from 0 to 10 on the reverse side.10

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2022-01-21
• Study First Submitted: 2024-01-05
• Status Verified: 2024-02
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-02-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-02-02
• Study First Posted: 2024-02-05
• Last Update Posted: 2024-02-05
• Primary Completion: 2024-04-20
• Study Completion: 2024-07-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 70

Inclusion Criteria

1. Children of age group 4-8 years.
2. with no previous dental experience.
3. without any systemic or mental disorders.

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Exclusion Criteria

1. Children or their families that could not agree to participate the study
2. They had a previous serious dental experience in need of emergency treatment
3. Having systemic or mental disorders

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: FACTORIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Pediatric Quiz Game	Pediatric Quiz Game	Behavior Guidance Technique (BGT) group (Pedo-Quiz group) Whereas, with the novel BGT so called "The Pediatric-Quiz Game" (PQ), dentists start interacting with children in the waiting room before entering the operating room. It can be defined as "asking children basic questions on colors, animals, fruits and/or cities depending on the age of the child. Each child will be asked to fill out the "Facial Shape Scale" and the "Venham Picture Test" before the procedure. After the session, the Frankl Behavior Scale and the "Patient Evaluation Form" will be filled out by the dentist. Their families (parents/guardians) will be asked to fill out the "Child Fear Assessment Scale-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DSc) before the session. 35 children will be included in the study.Main goal in this sesion is to evaluate in which dental practice step can be progressed in an anxious child by using this new behavior managament technique.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	3 Months	Participants' pain and anxiety levels were assessed. The scale displayed a colored spectrum on the front side ranging from no pain (white) to severe pain (red), which indicates relevant pain scores ranging from 0 to 10 on the reverse side.
The Dental Subscale of Children's Fear Survey Schedule parental version (CFSS-DS pv)	3 months	The Scale consists of 15 articles. The answers are given by parents on a Likert type scale, ranging from 15 to 75. For children with moderate and severe dental fear levels, threshold values are set as 32 and 38 points, respectively.
The Venham Picture Test (VPT), a self-reporting scale	3 months	The scale is used to evaluate children's situational anxiety. It consists of 16 illustrations in pairs.Among the pairs, one represents the presence of anxiety and the other represents absence of anxiety. Children's anxiety scores were calculated between 0 and 8, according to the illustration they chose, representing themselves. Higher scores indicate the presence of anxiety and its level.
Facial Image Scale (FIS).	3 months	Self-report scale will be used in the study to evaluate children's state of anxiety. It displays nine faces showing emotions ranging from "non-anxious" to "very anxious." Participants are requested to indicate the face that represents their actual feelings. The scores range between 0.04 (positive/nonanxious) and 0.97 (negative/very anxious), demonstrating the state anxiety.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry; 🇹🇷 Istanbul, Turkey