Impact of Vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women with stage II periodontitis after nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Increased bone resorption due to decreased sex hormones in the first decade after menopause is a common problem in women.  Increasing attention has been paid in recent years to moderate vitamin D deficiency especially in postmenopausal women.  Vitamin D role in periodontitis is biologically assosiated and supported by experimental and clinical evidence showing its influence on inflammation, bone metabolism.   Vitamin D affects both the immune system and the bone mineral mass, which may lead to progression of periodontal disease in post menopausal women. Recent systematic review, given by Machado et al. stated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were significantly lower in chronic periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls. They also concluded that owing to the low number of studies, ascription of periodontitis and vitamin D levels after non-surgical periodontal treatment is not simple. Factors that influence 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration have been evaluated with considerable attention.Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis had lower serum 25OHD3 levels compared with age-matched controls without osteoporosis. Lowered serum 25OHD3 was also associated with periodontal disease and elevated levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with scaling and root planing is the most common treatment of periodontitis, which results in improvement of periodontal parameters.  There is limited data on variations of vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women after NSPT with vitamin D supplements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of Periodontal parameters like Gingival index(GI),Plaque index(PI)Pocket depth(PD),Alveolar Crest Height(ACH)  and serum vitamin D levels at baseline and 3 months in postmenopausal women with Stage II Peridontitis after Non surgical periodontal therapy with or without vitamin D supplementation.