A Pragmatic Trial to Determine the Benefit of Behaviorally Enhanced Exercise Incentives and Corticosteroid Injections in Osteoarthritis of the Knee Marching On for Veterans With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
- Conditions
- Osteoarthritis of the Knee
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Social Incentives and Gamification to Promote ExerciseDrug: Corticosteroid Injection given in A-B orderBehavioral: No Social Incentive applied
- Registration Number
- NCT05035810
- Lead Sponsor
- VA Office of Research and Development
- Brief Summary
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common and disabling conditions among Veterans. Management of KOA is challenging as there are few effective treatments other than joint replacement. Importantly, low levels of physical activity in patients with knee problems might worsen pain and disability. This study aims to determine the feasibility of using methods to change behavior that use social incentives and promote physical activity through playing games and interacting with a web-based platform. The study will also evaluate an important and widely used treatment, namely corticosteroid injections. Participants will be randomized into one of 4 arms and will receive a different combination of social incentives and injections. The study will evaluate which approach is most effective at promoting physical activity and reducing pain and disability.
- Detailed Description
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most prevalent and disabling conditions among Veterans and accounts for high morbidity and high costs for the VA. Management of KOA is challenging as there are few consistently effective treatments other than joint replacement. Importantly, chronic reductions in physical activity in patients with KOA may worsen pain, physical function, and exacerbate the metabolic consequences of obesity. Moreover, the greater mortality observed in symptomatic knee OA populations is likely mediated through its effect on physical activity. The current proposal aims to derive preliminary data to support a large pragmatic trial testing the impact of interventions geared towards improving physical activity and function in KOA patients.
Promoting physical activity has been shown to be helpful in reducing pain and improving function in KOA and other groups. However, promoting behavioral change in the arthritis population is a significant challenge. The group has shown that social incentives \[and gamification\] derived from concepts from the field of behavioral economics to promote behavioral change and increase physical activity can be both practical and effective in other settings. The investigators' group is studying incentives in patients with inflammatory arthritis with the goal of addressing fatigue, pain, and deficits in physical function. The incentivization of physical activity using this approach represents a novel intervention for the managing symptoms of KOA and to improving overall health.
Analgesic therapies can help KOA patients participate in exercise therapy. However, whether corticosteroid injections, a commonly used medical therapy for KOA pain, has a positive impact of physical activity is unknown and is an additional important question addressed by the current proposal. Despite widespread use, definitive data demonstrating a consistent benefit of corticosteroids are lacking. A large randomized trial recently tested the effects of repeated corticosteroids injections every 3 months for a period of 2 years on patient reported pain as well as progression of disease measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study demonstrated no improvement in pain compared to saline injections. In addition, a small but statistically significant decline in cartilage thickness on MRI was observed, raising a concern for side effects. These recent data might suggest that corticosteroid injections result in more harm than good, and may discourage providers from performing this intervention. However, there are critical weaknesses to this study. Pain and function were only assessed at 3-month intervals, while previous trials have suggested that peak benefit is expected at 4-8 weeks. Moreover, the clinical and biologic significance decrease in cartilage thickness is unclear.
The investigators propose to fill these important knowledge gaps with an innovative and efficient pragmatic clinical trial with a factorial and crossover design. A large and definitive practical trial would lead to better understanding of the clinical effectiveness of these interventions, the meaningfulness of their combined impact, and the subgroups that are most likely to derive benefit. This clinical trial will leverage unique resources available through the Penn Center for Innovation to better capture important patient-reported outcomes in real-time through a web-based platform. The study will also test the feasibility of a crossover and factorial design to improve efficiency and reduce confounding. Each patient will receive each intervention (saline, corticosteroids) in random order over 1 year. A factorial design will be employed and will randomize participants to receive social incentives with gamification to promote increases in their physical activity. To accomplish these aims, the investigators will utilize innovative mobile applications for smart phones and wearable activity trackers through the Way-to-Health platform and assess, in real time, the impact of the intervention on patient-reported function and pain as well as physical activity. The technology will allow for the recording of outcomes as they occur, between clinic visits, thereby avoiding information bias due to poor recall. It will also provide real-time assessment of symptoms, providing granular assessments of response over time.
Aim 1: To determine whether an incentive based on behaviorally-enhanced gamification can improve physical activity among patients with KOA and reduce self-reported pain and disability. The intervention will result in sustained improvements in average daily step counts over 10 months.
Aim 2: To determine if corticosteroid injections can reduce pain and disability in patients with KOA when compared to lidocaine only. Participants will report improvements in self-reported pain and disability, and improvements in quality of life.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 221
- Veterans in VA Rheumatology or Orthopedic clinics
- Chronic knee osteoarthritis
- Indication for joint injection
- Previous joint injections for palliation
- Patient expresses interest in increasing their physical activity
- Patient is able to walk 1/2 mile per day
- Intra-articular hardware or other contraindication to joint injection
- Lack of smart phone
- Acute exacerbation of osteoarthritis or knee pain
- Comorbid condition that precludes safe exercise
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- FACTORIAL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Social Incentives and Gamification, Corticosteroid AB Social Incentives and Gamification to Promote Exercise Participants will receive a support person and be able to interact with a web-based platform to progress through levels based on their achievement of step goals. The participants will receive injections in A-B order (corticosteroids, then lidocaine only) Social Incentives and Gamification, Corticosteroid AB Corticosteroid Injection given in A-B order Participants will receive a support person and be able to interact with a web-based platform to progress through levels based on their achievement of step goals. The participants will receive injections in A-B order (corticosteroids, then lidocaine only) No Incentive, Corticosteroid AB Corticosteroid Injection given in A-B order Participants will only receive reminders to sync their activity monitor. The participants will receive injections in A-B order (corticosteroids, then lidocaine only) No Incentive, Corticosteroid AB No Social Incentive applied Participants will only receive reminders to sync their activity monitor. The participants will receive injections in A-B order (corticosteroids, then lidocaine only) Social Incentives and Gamification, Corticosteroid BA Social Incentives and Gamification to Promote Exercise Participants will receive a support person and be able to interact with a web-based platform to progress through levels based on their achievement of step goals. The participants will receive injections in B-A order (lidocaine only, then corticosteroids) No Incentive, Corticosteroid BA No Social Incentive applied Participants will only receive reminders to sync their activity monitor. The participants will receive injections in B-A order (lidocaine only, then corticosteroids)
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Percent change from baseline in weekly average steps per day Measured weekly over 10 months (for exercise intervention) Steps measured by a wearable activity monitor
Change in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Measured bi-weekly over the first 3 months (for injection intervention) KOOS assessed by survey at 2 week intervals. KOOS scores range from 0 to 100 with 0 representing worse knee problems and 100 representing no knee problems.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) Measured bi-weekly over 10 months (for exercise intervention) KOOS assessed by survey at 2 week intervals. KOOS scores range from 0 to 100 with 0 representing worse knee problems and 100 representing no knee problems.
Change in PROMIS pain intensity score Measured bi-weekly over 3-10 months (3 for injection intervention and 10 for exercise intervention) Assessed by survey at 2 week intervals. Scores range from 3-15 and are converted to T-Scores. A high score represents greater pain.
Change in PROMIS Fatigue Measured every 4 weeks over 3-10 months (3 for injection intervention and 10 for exercise intervention) Assessed by survey at 4 week intervals
Trial Locations
- Locations (4)
Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
🇺🇸Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Omaha VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
🇺🇸Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
🇺🇸Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle Division, Seattle, WA
🇺🇸Seattle, Washington, United States