Effect of Cocoa Flavonols Oral Supplement on Body Composition, Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Profile in Obese Subject 10 to 16 Years

Childhood obesity is global health problem, due to the constant increase in its incidence and prevalence. Having this disease helps increase the costs of care for Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases. The increase in its prevalence since 1975 from 1% to 6% (girls) and 8% (boys) in 2016 between the ranges of 5 to 19 years.

Mexico, occupies the first place worldwide in childhood obesity, only by data from National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016 , it is considered that approximately 3 out of 10 children, 4 out of 10 adolescents present this health problem; the population with the highest health risk being ages between 10 and 17 years. In 2016, the prevalence of obesity in the population between 5 and 11 years old was 15.3% and in adolescents between 12 and 19 years old it was 13.9% .

Although, the scientific evidence has focused on studying different strategies for the prevention, control and treatment of childhood obesity complications; The prevalence of this has not yet been reduced or controlled favorably. It has been demonstrated through meta-analysis and randomized clinical trials that the use of flavonoids from cocoa, such as epicatechin at a concentration of 50 mg to 100 mg / day for 6 to 18 weeks, may decrease the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, Because it reduces: insulin resistance, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL-c and increased HDL-c. These biological effects are related to the antioxidant capacity (inhibition of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NAHPH) and increase of endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), protein interaction and cell signaling that these compounds have (inhibition of Tumoral Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Necrosis Factor beta (NF-β); MAPK pathway regulation ) and finally by the regulation of the inflammatory process through the modulation of the pro-inflammatory elements (Decrease of Il-6, TNF-α and PCR-HS), so it is attractive to establish it as an alternative treatment to reduce the risk of generate comorbidities This research aims to solve the following question: What is the effect of oral supplementation of flavonoids from cocoa on body composition, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative profile in obese patients 10-16 years old?

This work aims to demonstrate the effect of oral supplementation of flavonoids from cocoa on body composition, anthropometric parameters, biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative markers in obese patients in order to reduce the risk of suffering from other comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome. , diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases.

From this study the investigators can know the effectiveness of the use of flavonoids from cocoa as epicatechin in a child population and demonstrate the regulatory effect of epicatechin on lipids, inflammation and oxidation. The results obtained from this research will provide us with the necessary evidence to propose whether the use of these flavonoids to prevent the occurrence of other comorbidities of childhood obesity.