Dispersal Pattern for Spine Injections (Gadolinium Contrast)

Not Applicable

Completed

Brief Summary: This study will analyze injectate dispersal patterns after standard-of-care cervical epidural steroid injections using gadolinium as a marker and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize the pattern. Although these procedures are performed with high frequency under the assumption that injectate remains localized to injection site, no peer-reviewed studies have validated this assumption. Comprehensive characterization of injectate dispersal patterns will provide important data regarding safety, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic potential of cervical epidural steroid injections.

Detailed Description: Epidural steroid injections have long had an impact in the treatment of various spine-related conditions, particularly radiculopathy. The efficacy of epidural spinal injections has been attributed to the anatomic location reached by the injectate. Cervical epidural steroid injections are also used as an injury location indicator. This application is based on documenting pain relief after injection into a specific location in the cervical spine. Both the diagnostic and therapeutic applications for epidurals assume that the injectate remains local to the injection site in order to have its effects. However, in a recently completed study, the investigators group documented substantial diffusion of injectate after lumbar epidurals used computerized tomography (CT) assessments.1 Based on the exposure to ionizing radiation associated with CT along with the superior imaging specificity and sensitivity of MRI, the investigators are shifting their imaging modality to MRI for future studies. The proposed study is designed to evaluate the use of gadolinium and MRI to assess nature and amount of diffusion of injectate in the cervical region after standard-of-care epidural injections. To the investigators knowledge, this will be the first study to critically assess this common procedure in order to evaluate safety and efficacy in a clinical setting.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Patients unable to give consent or comply with rehabilitation process
Pregnant
Co-morbidities such as infection, malignancy, myelopathy or an uncontrolled medical condition
Allergy to injectate
Anticoagulative state
Severe claustrophobia
Non-MRI compatible pacemaker, neurostimulator, bladder stimulator or other mechanical device
Renal disease that would cause the patient to be at an increased risk of complication of receiving the contrast agent

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Injection with Gadolinium	Injection with Gadolinium	This group of patients identified by the PI as having cervical radiculopathy will receive gadolinium (the intervention) in their epidural cervical injection along with steroid (DepoMedrol). There is no control group in this study.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Injection Dispersal Patterns Measured (in cm) in the Superoinferior Directions on Post-injection MRI With a Calibrated Internal Measurement Software.	1 hour	Determine the relative efficacy (diagnostic and therapeutic) of cervical epidural injections based on injectate diffusion. We will measure (with post-injection MRI) how far the injection travels in the superoinferior directions (in cm) within in the epidural space.
Circumferential Contrast Spread	1 hour	Number of study subjects who achieved circumferential contrast spread in the epidural space. Circumferential contrast spread is achieved when the contrast reaches all directions in the epidural space in the horizontal/axial plane. This includes contrast spread in the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral directions (in relation to the spinal cord).

Secondary Outcome Measures