Effect of Various Forms of Nicotine Consumption on Gingival Health of Dental Patients.

A total of 300 dental patients who visited the School of Dentistry, Islamabad, participated voluntarily in this study. The nicotine-consuming participants involved in this study were Smoke-Form users (S-form), Electronic cigarette-form users (E-form), and Dual-Form users (D-form) whose Gingival Index (G-I) was inspected to demonstrate an association between their smoking type and duration of developing severe gingivitis. The G-I ranging between 0.5 - 2.00 was used to calculate the occurrence of severe gingival issues in participants with smoking habits where G-I between 0.50 1.00 displayed Light gingival inflammation, G-I between 1.10-2.00 revealed Moderate gingival inflammation and G-I > 2.00 confirmed Severe gingival inflammation. A chi-Square test was used for the association by keeping significance p< 0.05.