The Effect of E-Booklet Traınıng on Self-Effıcacy and Comfort Level in Patıents Wıth Urınary Catheter

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Urinary Catheter

• Registration Number: NCT06829927
• Lead Sponsor: Cumhuriyet University

Brief Summary

Urinary catheterization is the insertion of a tube through the urethra into the bladder to empty or flush the bladder. Catheterization is preferred in patients with urinary retention and urinary incontinence, in patients who will undergo surgical intervention or in cases where a procedure needs to be performed in the urinary tract, and is applied for short (1-7 days), medium (7-28 days) and long term (longer than 28 days) (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2023). Urinary catheterization is frequently preferred in applications related to treatment and care. According to the CAUTI report, the frequency of urinary catheterization in hospitalized patients in one year is between 15-25% in the world. This rate is between 10-15% in developed countries and 20-30% in developing countries (CAUTI, 2015).

Detailed Description

Urinary catheterization is generally preferred for short-term care and treatment (Clarke et al., 2020; Cutinho et al., 2018). Urinary catheterization is critical in routine health care and can cause many complications such as urinary tract infection, epididymitis, catheter obstruction, trauma, pain, bladder spasm, and hematuria if not used appropriately.Darbyshire et al. (2016) found that 32% of patients experienced leakage, 26% experienced pain, 26% experienced discomfort and 24% experienced obstruction.In fact, it is estimated that 450,000 people in the UK undergo short-term urinary catheterization and complications related to urinary catheter use cause 2100 deaths annually (Feneley et al., 2015).

Although urinary tract infection due to catheterization is common, patients' failure to perform appropriate behaviors and practices related to catheterization causes the infection to progress and the treatment process to be prolonged.Urinary tract infections account for approximately 20% of healthcare-acquired infections in acute care facilities and more than 50% in long-term care facilities (Zegeye et al., 2023). In the United States, urinary tract infections account for 32% of all hospital-acquired infections and are the most common type of hospital-acquired infection, with approximately 449,000 cases of urinary tract infections and an estimated cost of $450 million per year (Abiodun, 2018). In cases where they are not inserted under appropriate conditions, care is not provided effectively and treatment protocols are not followed, they pave the way for the development of resistant microorganisms. Accordingly, urinary tract infection, which requires a long treatment process in patients, causes many negative consequences, including prolonged hospital stay, increased in-hospital mortality and increased health care costs (Anderson et al., 2021; Cutinho et al., 2018; Snyder et al., 2023).

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2024-07-19
• Status Verified: 2024-09
• Study Start: 2024-09-15
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-02-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-02-11
• Study First Posted: 2025-02-17
• Last Update Posted: 2025-02-17
• Primary Completion: 2025-10-15
• Study Completion: 2025-12-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 80

Inclusion Criteria

Patients who can actively use information technologies such as phones and tablets

• Inpatients in the Urology Clinic
• Conscious and oriented patients
• Patients aged 18-75 years
• Patients with short-term catheterization
• Patients without hearing and communication disabilities
• Literate patients

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients who incompletely completed the data collection tool
• Patients with hearing, vision and comprehension problems,

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
First Follow-up (Personal Information Form, Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale	after catheterization ( First 1 hour)	Pretest (Descriptive statistics will be shown with frequencies and percentages, and the distribution of variables according to scale scores will be shown with median (minimum-maximum) values.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Second Follow-up (Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale)	6 hours	Second Follow-up . The conformity of the data to normal distribution will be evaluated by Kolmogrov Smirnow test and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, which are non-parametric tests, will be used to compare variables that do not conform to normal distribution. Normally distributed data will be evaluated with t test and Anova test. In order to determine the differences in variables with more than two groups, the Dunn-Bonferroni test from Post-Hoc tests will be used. The relationship between self-efficacy and comfort level will be determined by Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Significance level p\<0.05 will be taken in the tests.
Third Follow-up(Urinary Catheter Self-Efficacy Scale and Comfort Scale)	24 Hours	Third Follow-up . The conformity of the data to normal distribution will be evaluated by Kolmogrov Smirnow test and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, which are non-parametric tests, will be used to compare variables that do not conform to normal distribution. Normally distributed data will be evaluated with t test and Anova test. In order to determine the differences in variables with more than two groups, the Dunn-Bonferroni test from Post-Hoc tests will be used. The relationship between self-efficacy and comfort level will be determined by Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Significance level p\<0.05 will be taken in the tests.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University; 🇹🇷 Tokat/Merkez, Tokat, Turkey