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Evaluating the Safety and Immune Response to a Single Dose of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine in Infants and Children

Phase 1
Active, not recruiting
Conditions
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Interventions
Biological: Placebo
Biological: RSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L Vaccine
Registration Number
NCT01893554
Lead Sponsor
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Brief Summary

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in infants and children around the world. This study will evaluate the safety and immune response to a RSV vaccine in three groups of participants: healthy children who have already had an RSV infection (RSV seropositive), healthy infants and children who have not already had an RSV infection (RSV seronegative), and healthy younger infants who have not been screened for prior RSV infection.

Detailed Description

RSV is the most common viral cause of serious acute lower respiratory illness (LRI) in infants and children under 5 years of age around the world. RSV illness can range from mild upper respiratory tract illness (URI) to severe LRI, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of a RSV vaccine in healthy children. Study researchers will first evaluate the vaccine in healthy RSV-seropositive children, then evaluate the vaccine in healthy RSV-seronegative infants and children, followed by younger infants not screened for RSV serostatus.

This study will first enroll healthy RSV-seropositive children ages 12 to 59 months (Group 1). At study entry, participants will undergo a medical history review, physical examination, blood collection, and a nasal wash procedure. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the RSV vaccine or placebo vaccine, administered as nose drops. Subjects will be actively monitored for 28 days following administration of vaccine or placebo; monitoring will include medical history reviews, clinical assessments, and at some visits, nasal washes. On the days where no study visit is scheduled, study researchers will contact participants' parents or guardians for medical follow-up.

Study researchers will evaluate the study data of participants in Group 1 before enrolling participants in Group 2, and study data from Group 2 will be reviewed before enrolling participants in Group 3. Finally, study data from Group 3 will be reviewed before enrolling participants in Group 4. Participants in Groups 2 and 3 will include healthy RSV-seronegative infants and children ages 6 to 24 months. Participants in Group 4 will include healthy infants, ages 4 to 6 months, who have not been screened for RSV serostatus.

Participants in Groups 2, 3, and 4 will be randomly assigned to receive either the RSV vaccine or placebo vaccine, administered as nose drops. Subjects will be actively monitored for 56 days following administration of vaccine or placebo; monitoring will include medical history reviews, clinical assessments, and at some visits, nasal washes. On the days where no study visit is scheduled, study researchers will contact participants' parents or guardians for medical follow-up. At a study visit on Day 56, participants will undergo a medical history review, blood collection, and a nasal wash procedure.

For participants in Groups 2, 3, and 4, from November through March following each participant's vaccination visit, parents or guardians will monitor participants for RSV-associated illnesses and report these on a weekly basis via telephone calls to study researchers. Participants may have additional study visits that may include blood collection and/or nasal wash procedures during this follow-up period. Participants in Groups 3 and 4 will have the option to take part in additional monitoring for a second RSV season.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
88
Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Group 2: PlaceboPlaceboHealthy RSV-seronegative infants and children ages 6 to 24 months will receive one dose of the placebo administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 1: RSV vaccineRSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L VaccineHealthy RSV-seropositive children ages 12 to 59 months will receive one dose of the RSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L vaccine administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 3: RSV vaccineRSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L VaccineHealthy RSV-seronegative infants and children ages 6 to 24 months will receive one dose of the RSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L vaccine administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 3: PlaceboPlaceboHealthy RSV-seronegative infants and children ages 6 to 24 months will receive one dose of the placebo administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 1: PlaceboPlaceboHealthy RSV-seropositive children ages 12 to 59 months will receive one dose of the placebo administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 4: PlaceboPlaceboHealthy infants between the ages 4 to 6 months who have not been screened for RSV serostatus will receive one dose of the placebo administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 2: RSV vaccineRSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L VaccineHealthy RSV-seronegative infants and children ages 6 to 24 months will receive one dose of the RSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L vaccine administered as nose drops at study entry.
Group 4: RSV vaccineRSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L VaccineHealthy infants between the ages 4 to 6 months who have not been screened for RSV serostatus will receive one dose of the RSV ΔNS2 Δ1313 I1314L vaccine administered as nose drops at study entry.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Proportion of participants that develop 4-fold or greater rises in RSV neutralizing antibody titer following vaccinationMeasured through follow-up period, up to 1 year after study entry

Antibody responses to the RSV F glycoprotein will also be assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Frequency and severity of vaccine-related solicited adverse events (AEs) that occur during the intensive monitoring phase of the studyMeasured at Days 0-10 for seropositive children and Days 0-28 for seronegative infants and children
Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

Center for Immunization Research (CIR)

🇺🇸

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Center for Immunization Research South

🇺🇸

Laurel, Maryland, United States

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