Effect of the Maternal Obesity and/or the By-pass on the Growth and the Nutritional Balance of the Child

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Maternal Obesity
• Interventions: Other: Collection of bloods samples for the mother; Other: Retrieval of umbilical cord blood.; Other: Retrieval of placenta.; Other: Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair.; Other: Dietetic Patient Outcomes Questionnaires for the mother.

• Registration Number: NCT03084120
• Lead Sponsor: University Hospital, Angers

Brief Summary

This study evaluates effect of the Maternal Obesity and/or the By-pass on the Growth and the Nutritional Balance of the Child.The data stemming from mothers presenting obesity or an overweight during their pregnancy and the data stemming from mothers having had a by-pass will be compared with the data stemming from mothers with a normal BMI (Body Mass Index), considered as a reference group. It's the same for the data stemming from newborn children. The newborn children stemming from groups of obese mothers or in overweight will be compared with the data stemming from mothers belonging to the reference group.

Detailed Description

The obesity represents a major problem of public health, not only in terms of inferred morbi-mortality but also in terms of economic responsibility. More than 50 % of the women old enough to procreate and 25 % of the women pregnant in Europe are in overweights or obese women. This rate does not stop increasing with prevalence which doubled in 30 years. The overweight or the maternal obesity expose the mother and the child to a greater risk of morbi-mortality. The nutritional stress to which is exposed the foetus during the pregnancy can even have long-term effects with a risk increased by overweight or obesity at the grown-up age, so participating in the cycle of the obesity (" Developmental Origins of Behaviour, Health, and Disease " (DOBHaD) concept).

The morbid obesity (IMC \> 40 kg / m2) concern 1 to 3 % of the pregnant women. The gastric bypass surgery is envisaged in case of morbid obesity when the other treatments failed, with better results on the loss of weight and on the comorbidity associated with the obesity, in comparison with not surgical interventions. Near half of the patients who resort to the gastric bypass surgery are women old enough to procreate. Recent studies however moderated the beneficial effects of such an intervention with in particular a greater risk of intra-uterine delay of growth and possible nutritional deficiencies on the descent. The neonatal evaluation was limited to the clinical evaluation, and no biological evaluation of the vitamin and nutritional deficiencies on the growth of the foetus and the placenta was brought reported.

The placenta regulates the contribution in nutriments and oxygen and participle in the foetal homéostasie. The reactive placentary adaptations to an environment of surnutrition or the undernutrition can pull modifications of setting-up, development, functions of the placenta with genic modifications and épigénétiques. All these modifications intervene in a "critical window" in terms of development and participate in the phenomena of foetal programming.

Our working hypothesis is that the nutritional stress in utero associated with the maternal obesity and/or with the by-pass has a medium and long-term short-term, metabolic and neurodevelopmental nutritional impact on the descent.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2017-02-20
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-03-13
• Study First Posted: 2017-03-20
• Study Start: 2017-05-10
• Status Verified: 2017-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-11-29
• Last Update Posted: 2017-11-30
• Primary Completion: 2022-08-01
• Study Completion: 2022-08-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 240

Inclusion Criteria

• For "Gastric Bypass Surgery" arm :

  • Pregnant women having undergone a Gastric bypass surgery before the pregnancy.

• For "Reference group" arm :

  • Pregnant women having a body mass index < 25 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy.

• For "Overweight" arm :

  • Pregnant women having a body mass index 25-30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy.

• For "Obesity " arm :

  • Pregnant women having a body mass index > 30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria

• For every arms :

  • Underage women
  • Woman with a multiple pregnancy

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: FACTORIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Gastric bypass surgery	Dietetic Patient Outcomes Questionnaires for the mother.	Pregnant women having undergone a Gastric bypass surgery before the pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Reference group	Dietetic Patient Outcomes Questionnaires for the mother.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \<25 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Obesity	Retrieval of umbilical cord blood.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \> 30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Obesity	Retrieval of placenta.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \> 30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Obesity	Dietetic Patient Outcomes Questionnaires for the mother.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \> 30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Overweight	Retrieval of placenta.	Pregnant women having a body mass index 25-30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Overweight	Collection of bloods samples for the mother	Pregnant women having a body mass index 25-30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Gastric bypass surgery	Retrieval of umbilical cord blood.	Pregnant women having undergone a Gastric bypass surgery before the pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Reference group	Collection of bloods samples for the mother	Pregnant women having a body mass index \<25 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Gastric bypass surgery	Collection of bloods samples for the mother	Pregnant women having undergone a Gastric bypass surgery before the pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Gastric bypass surgery	Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair.	Pregnant women having undergone a Gastric bypass surgery before the pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Reference group	Retrieval of placenta.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \<25 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Reference group	Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \<25 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Gastric bypass surgery	Retrieval of placenta.	Pregnant women having undergone a Gastric bypass surgery before the pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Reference group	Retrieval of umbilical cord blood.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \<25 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Obesity	Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair.	Pregnant women having a body mass index \> 30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Overweight	Retrieval of umbilical cord blood.	Pregnant women having a body mass index 25-30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Overweight	Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair.	Pregnant women having a body mass index 25-30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Overweight	Dietetic Patient Outcomes Questionnaires for the mother.	Pregnant women having a body mass index 25-30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).
Obesity	Collection of bloods samples for the mother	Pregnant women having a body mass index \> 30 kg/m2 at the early pregnancy. * Collection of bloods samples for the mother. * Retrieval of umbilical cord blood. * Retrieval of placenta. * Collection of newborn's and mother's lock of hair. * Dietetic patient outcomes questionnaires for the mother. * Parental questionnaires : ASQ (Ages \& Stages questionnaires) and CFQ (Child Feeding Questionnaire).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Born measurement (height) expressed in z-score.	At the childbirth	Z-scores are "pure numbers" (have no units of measurement attached to them).
Born measurement (cranial perimeter) expressed in z-score.	At the childbirth.	Z-scores are "pure numbers" (have no units of measurement attached to them).
Born measurement (weight) expressed in z-score.	At the childbirth	Z-scores are "pure numbers" (have no units of measurement attached to them).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Modification of auxological data (weight) at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	Weight expressed in kilograms.
Modification of auxological data (height) at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	Height expressed in centimeters.
Modification of auxological data (cranial perimeter) at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	Cranial perimeter expressed in centimeters.
Modification of auxological data (BMI (Body Mass Index)) at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	BMI (Body Mass Index) expressed in kg/m².
Modification of auxological data (speed of growth expressed) at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	Speed of growth expressed in centimeters per year.
Neurodevelopmental modifications at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	Parental questionnaire : Ages \& Stages Questionnaires (ASQ).
Modifications of eating habits at the age of 2.	At the age of 2.	Parental questionnaire : Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ).
Vitamin dosages and micronutrients in the blood of cordon.	At the childbirth.	Dosages.
Vitamin dosages and maternal micronutrients in the first, second, third quarter of the pregnancy, at the childbirth and in 2 months after delivery.	First, second, third quarter of the pregnancy, at the childbirth and in 2 months after delivery.	Dosages.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

UHAngers; 🇫🇷 Angers, France