Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Studies of Cognition, Oscillations and GABA Levels in Schizophrenia
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Recruiting
- Enrollment
- 160
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- EEG Correlates of Language and Cognitive Control
Study Overview
Brief Summary
People with schizophrenia often have problems with attention, learning and memory and other cognitive abilities that interfere with their work and school performance. Unfortunately, even our best treatments often do not significantly reduce these cognitive problems. The current study investigates whether or not delivering a very small electrical current to people's foreheads (called, transcranial direct current stimulation; (tDCS)) might improve functioning in the front part of the brain and reduce these cognitive problems in people with schizophrenia. tDCS is non-invasive and has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in some preliminary studies. The current study will investigate whether giving tDCS during a task is more effective than giving it during rest (Aim 1), whether delivery of tDCS to the front of the head is more effective than delivery to the back of the head (Aim 2), and whether tDCS delivery will alter levels of a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (GABA; Aim 3) that is important to cognitive functioning and may be disrupted in people with schizophrenia. Although this study is not intended to diagnose, cure or treat schizophrenia or any other disease, if results are positive it will encourage future large-scale studies to determine if tDCS can become an effective treatment for cognitive problems in people with schizophrenia.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to 47 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Participants must be able to sufficiently speak and understand English so as to be able to understand and complete cognitive tasks.
- •All subjects must have the ability to give valid informed consent.
- •Inclusion Criteria for Patients with Schizophrenia Only:
- •Diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder
- •No medication changes in the prior month
- •No medication changes anticipated in the upcoming month
- •Stable outpatient or partial hospital status
- •Normal IQ (>70; IQ will be measured by administering the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of
- •Intelligence (WASI) test)
- •Must not be currently taking the antipsychotic clozapine
Exclusion Criteria
- •Pacemakers
- •Implanted electrical (brain and spinal) stimulators
- •Implanted defibrillator
- •Metallic implants
- •Skin damage or skin conditions such as eczema at the sites where electrodes will be placed
- •Hair styles hindering the placement of electrodes
- •Cranial pathologies
- •Head trauma
- •Mental retardation
- •Any known history of neurological disorders (including epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, cerebral palsy, any DSM-5 axis I psychiatric disorder (for healthy control subjects), autism)
- •Uncorrected vision problems that would hinder cognitive testing (this also pertains to subjects with color blindness in tasks where discriminating colored objects/items is necessary for successful performance)
- •Pregnancy
- •Substance dependence in the past six months
- •Substance abuse in the past month
Arms & Interventions
DLPFC Stimulation + Task
Intervention. 20 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive task completion.
Intervention: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Device)
DLPFC Stimulation + Rest
Intervention. 20 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during rest.
Intervention: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Device)
Sham Stimulation + Task
Placebo Comparator. 0.5-1 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex followed by 19-19.5 minutes of sham stimulation, during cognitive task completion.
Intervention: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Device)
Sham Stimulation + Rest
Placebo Comparator. 0.5-1 minutes of 2 mA direct current stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex followed by 19-19.5 minutes of sham stimulation, during rest.
Intervention: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Device)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
EEG Correlates of Language and Cognitive Control
Time Frame: Assessment will begin immediately following stimulation and last for about 1.5 hours.
Electrophysiological data recorded during completion of cognitive control tasks. We will measure oscillatory activity from 3-80 Hz.
Behavioral Response
Time Frame: Assessment will begin immediately following stimulation and last for about 1.5 hours.
We will assess performance on the Dot Pattern Expectancy (DPX) task (error rates).
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported