Comparative Effect of Active Release Technique and Myofascial Release to Improve Asthenopia, Sleep and Stress in Patients With Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome

A musculoskeletal condition known as myofascial pain is characterized by discomfort in the region of a muscle and the fascia, the connective tissue that surrounds it. In addition to having several trigger sites, the pain may be local or widespread. Trigger points are very sensitive muscle foci that radiate pain to the surrounding area and hurts to touch. In particular, the rhomboids, trapezius, levator scapulae, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus often affected muscles in the cervical area. Acute or chronic pain is possible, and it is most likely brought on by overuse, altered posture, or muscular injury. Cervical myofascial pain is highly prevalent globally. A 2021 study by Kamran Ezzati found that 88.9% of Iranian participants had at least one neck trigger point. Similarly, a 2024 study by Sahib Rehman et al in Pakistan reported high prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points in cervical radiculopathy patients, with mean scores of MTrPs.

Cervical myofascial pain or neck muscle pain is often caused by poor posture or prolonged use of electronic devices, leading to muscle knots or trigger points. A component of myofascial pain is the emotional stress we carry which contributes to muscle tension (in the form of, increased activation of the "fight or flight" response) releasing stress hormones like cortisol that increase muscle tension. As a health care profession, we know that physical injuries like whiplash cause damage to the structures of the neck and may also alter how certain structures respond post injury (inflammation and stiffness). There are many other conditions, such as degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia, both predispose the patient to altered spinal posture. As a result, muscle may function differently resulting in myofascial pain Cervical myofascial pain can be managed with orthopedic manual techniques like Active Tissue Release (ATR) and Myofascial Release (MFR). ATR, developed by Dr. Michael Leahy, combines pressure with movement to break down adhesions, improve circulation, and reduce trigger point activity. It helps restore muscle balance and relieve postural strain. MFR, popularized by John F. Barnes, uses gentle sustained pressure to release fascial restrictions, improve blood flow, and reduce nervous system overactivity. Both techniques enhance mobility, reduce pain, and promote better posture and function in the neck.

Combining these interventions with eye exercises targets both neuromuscular and visual dysfunction, offering a holistic approach to improving sleep quality, reducing stress, and alleviating cervical pain. The study addresses a gap in evidence by directly comparing ART and MFR with integrated eye exercises, potentially guiding physiotherapists and clinicians toward the most effective treatment strategy for CMPS.