Effect of Intact Umbilical Cord Milking Versus Immediate Cord Clamping on Neonatal Outcomes and First Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants - A Randomised Controlled Trial

Brief Summary

Detailed Description

Optimizing placental transfusion at birth promotes a more physiologic transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. There is increasing evidence about the benefits of enhanced placental transfusion in improving neonatal outcomes, such as higher hemoglobin concentration, improved hemodynamic stability, reduced incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, less need for blood transfusions and better neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants. The investigators propose to evaluate the the safety and effectiveness of I-UCM versus ICC in mothers undergoing preterm delivery before 32 weeks, by randomly assigning them to one of two groups - study and control. The study group will undergo I-UCM during delivery and the control group will have ICC, which is the current standard of care. Both groups will subsequently receive routine care for mother and infant. In the study group the infants will be placed at or ∼20 cm below the level of the placenta and about 20 cm of the intact umbilical cord will be milked towards the umbilicus three times. The technique consists of pinching the cord close to the placenta and milking about 20 cm segment of the cord proximal to the umbilicus, towards the infant over a 2-second duration. The cord will then be released and allowed to refill with blood for a brief 2-second pause between each milking motion. After completion of milking three times, the cord will be clamped close to the umbilicus and the neonate handed over to the neonatal team. The procedure of cord milking will be completed within 20 seconds. Prenatal and delivery data will be collected from the mother's charts. Infant data will be collected from hospital admission records and from follow up for a period up to 12 months of corrected age. The infant data collected will include hemoglobin levels at birth, incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage in the first week of life and neonatal morbidity (resuscitation measures, peak bilirubin, need for phototherapy and blood transfusion, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and chronic lung disease) and mortality. The neurodevelopmental status of both the study and control group of infants will be assessed at 6 months and one year of corrected age. The investigators hypothesize that I-UCM provides a greater placental transfusion and better neonatal outcomes when compared to ICC. It is a simple procedure which can be practiced universally and of great relevance to both developed and developing countries.

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

• Death prior to discharge(4 weeks of life)
• The resuscitation interventions required with and without umbilical cord milking.(20 minutes after delivery)
• Requirement of inotropic support(24 hours of life)
• Incidence of hypotension(24 hours of life)
• Peak bilirubin levels(72 hours of life)
• Requirement of red blood cell transfusions(4 weeks of life)
• Resuscitation outcomes with and without umbilical cord milking.(20 minutes after delivery)
• symptomatic polycythemia(48 hours of life)
• Sepsis (culture positive)(72 hours of life)
• Serum iron stores(6 months of age)
• Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants (DASII)(1 year of corrected age)
• Requirement of phototherapy or exchange transfusion(72 hours of life)
• Incidence of Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC)(14 days of life)
• Requirement of Oxygen(36 weeks of gestational age)
• Number of days of Hospital Stay after Birth(4 weeks of life)