DISAPEAR Trial: Interventions to De-implement Unnecessary Antibiotic Prescribing for Children With Ear Infections
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Acute Otitis Media
- Sponsor
- Intermountain Health Care, Inc.
- Enrollment
- 1566
- Locations
- 3
- Primary Endpoint
- Increase in Parent Satisfaction
- Status
- Recruiting
- Last Updated
- 8 months ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This study aims to improve care and reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for children with ear infections. The study will compare the effectiveness of a "gold standard" to a hybrid intervention combined with this gold standard, in order to identify steps to increase parent satisfaction for child ear infection care. The "gold standard" approach is a Health System Level Intervention. On its own, it involves clinician education, tools in electronic medical records, and audit and feedback reports for clinician prescribing habits. The hybrid intervention includes the elements of the health systems level intervention in addition to a Shared Decision-Making component, which allows for both an increase in the role parents play in their child's care, as well as clinician education for how to use this method. The goals of this work are to increase parent satisfaction, reduce antibiotics taken for childhood ear infections, align medical care with the current national guidelines, and evaluate differences in the two intervention groups. Both groups will be evaluated for implementation outcomes to improve dissemination and scalability for future use of these models in antibiotic prescribing for children with ear infections.
This study will recruit a diverse group of patients and clinicians to complete surveys, parents to participate in focus groups, and clinicians and administrators to be interviewed in order to meet study aims and receive sufficient feedback on the interventions performed. There are two hypotheses for this research: 1. The Hybrid Intervention will have higher parent satisfaction and reduced antibiotic use compared to the Health-System Level Intervention and 2. The Hybrid Intervention will be more challenging to implement than the Health-System Level Intervention, but will be preferred by parents, clinicians, and administrators.
Detailed Description
Acute otitis media (AOM), commonly referred to as an ear infection, is the most common reason children are prescribed antibiotics, affecting 5 million children and resulting in 10 million antibiotic prescriptions annually. By 3 years of age over 60% of children will have had AOM. Though 84% of AOM episodes resolve without antibiotics, antibiotics are prescribed to \>95% of children. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that most children with AOM do not receive an immediate antibiotic (an antibiotic to take right away) and instead be managed with watchful waiting, where an antibiotic is used only if the child worsens or does not improve. In clinical trials watchful waiting reduced antibiotic use by over 62% and did not result in increased complications, reduced parent satisfaction, or increased symptoms. Unfortunately, despite these trials \<5% of children with AOM are managed with watchful waiting. The use of antibiotics when not needed contributes to the development of antibiotic resistant organisms, which makes future infections more difficult to treat. Additionally, unnecessary antibiotics reduce pediatric quality of life and over 26% of children who take an antibiotic experience an adverse drug event (ADE). Thus, for every 100 children with AOM who take an antibiotic at least 26 children experience harm; whereas only 5 children have symptomatic benefit. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two pragmatic interventions to improve patient-centered outcomes and reduce unnecessary antibiotics taken for AOM. Interventions will be conducted at 33 community-based clinics and/or urgent care centers across three distinct geographic regions in the United States. Randomization will occur at the clinic center level to either the gold standard approach or the hybrid intervention. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) will be used to guide implementation and the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework will be used to evaluate outcomes. A mixed-methods approach will be used in the pre-implementation and evaluation phases and will utilize quantitative analyses, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and surveys.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •A. Implementation of Interventions
- •Clinic at a participating organization
- •Provides care to children with AOM
- •Administrative or local approval for participation
- •B. Secondary Electronic Health Record Data
- •Aged 6 months-17-years-old (inclusive)
- •Diagnosis of AOM by ICD10 code
- •C. Video recordings or direct observation of the use of a shared decision aid
- •Parent participation:
- •Child aged 6 months-17 years (inclusive)
Exclusion Criteria
- •A. Implementation of Interventions
- •1\. Clinics that exclusively provide telehealth
- •B. Secondary Electronic Health Record Data
- •C. Video recordings or direct observation of the use of a shared decision aid
- •Parent participation:
- •Clinician Participation:
- •D. Pre-implementation interviews of clinicians and administrators
- •Medical trainee (student, resident, fellow, etc.)
- •E. Pre-implementation focus groups of parents
- •F. Parents enrolled for surveys
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Increase in Parent Satisfaction
Time Frame: 10 days after clinic visit for ear infection
Survey responses will be measured by the percentage of "Very Satisfied" or "Extremely Satisfied" responses from parents on a 7-point Likert Scale. The survey tool will be created from adaptations to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Acute Otitis Media Severity of Symptom Scale (AOM-SOS). In this survey, the higher scores on the Likert Scale will indicate more overall parent satisfaction.
Percentage of Patients Taking an Antibiotic for AOM
Time Frame: 10 days after clinic visit for ear infection
Comparing electronic health record prescription data with parent yes/no survey responses to a question on whether or not their child took an antibiotic prescribed for treating their ear infection.
Secondary Outcomes
- Adverse Drug Events(10 days after clinic visit for ear infection)
- Antibiotic Prescription Filled(10 days after clinic visit for ear infection)
- Shared Decision-Making(At time of clinic visit for ear infection (0 Days))
- Pediatric Quality of Life(10 days after clinic visit for ear infection)
- Symptom and Severity Duration(0 and 10 days after clinic visit for ear infection)
- Management Strategy(At time of clinic visit for ear infection (0 Days))
- Missed Work/School/Daycare(10 days after clinic visit for ear infection)
- Treatment Failure(10 days after clinic visit for ear infection)