Evaluation of the Understanding of Probability in Children
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 终止
- 入组人数
- 165
- 主要终点
- To compare the percentage of children who answer correctly to a set of mathematical questions to verify the ability of children to understand probability and percentages. The results will be compared to those obtained in children nationwide in 2003.
研究概览
简要总结
To make medical decisions involving pros and cons, one also has to understand probability and percentages. This is a preliminary study to evaluate the ability of children to understand probability and percentages.
详细描述
The concept of patients making decisions with respect to their health care is well accepted in adult medicine but, the value and importance of decision making in the care of children is not recognized. The major objection raised against allowing children to express their opinions concerning outcomes is that children do not understand probability.
One way of assessing children's ability to understand probability is to test their mathematical knowledge using tests focused on probability and percentage.
We have designed a set of questionnaires with 10 questions each, taken from the US Department of Education's National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). They are divided into 3 different groups (4th, 8th, and 12th grade), based on grade-level. We have also obtained the average percentage of correct-incorrect answers given to these questions by students nationwide, and the scoring system used to assess the student's proficiency level.
In this preliminary study we intend to present this set of 10 mathematical questions to children and to one of their parents.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 11 Years 至 18 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Males or females ages 11 to 18 years.
- •Spoken and written English as primary language of both parents and children.
- •Children scheduled to receive anesthesia.
- •Parental/guardian permission (informed consent) and if appropriate, child assent.
排除标准
- •Children with known mental retardation, of any nature.
- •Children who attend schools for children with special needs.
结局指标
主要结局
To compare the percentage of children who answer correctly to a set of mathematical questions to verify the ability of children to understand probability and percentages. The results will be compared to those obtained in children nationwide in 2003.
时间窗: During pre-operative visit.
次要结局
- The secondary objective is to compare the responses between children and parent.(During the pre-operative visit.)