Impact of core strengthening exercises on static and dynamic balance in elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The participants will be selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in balance muscle strength and postural control which significantly increases the risk of falls reduced mobility and a diminished quality of life in the elderly Falls are a major public health concern often resulting in serious injuries functional impairments and loss of independence Core musculature plays a vital role in maintaining stability postural alignment and movement control however traditional balance training programs often overlook core strengthening as a targeted intervention and there is limited literature addressing its effects in older adults Although core strengthening exercises have shown potential in enhancing neuromuscular coordination and postural stability their specific impact on both static and dynamic balance in the elderly remains inadequately explored

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of core strengthening exercises in improving balance reducing fear of falling and enhancing the overall quality of life in older adults The findings may provide evidence to support the integration of core focused interventions into fall prevention and rehabilitation programs for the elderly population

Inclusion Criteria

Participants who are Elderly aged 60 years and above

Hemodynamically stable participants

Both Male and Female Participants

Participants able to walk independently with or without assistive devices

Individuals with self reported or clinically assessed balance impairments eg history of falls instability

Participants with intact cognitive function Mini Mental State Examination MMSE score of 24 or above

Participant willing to participate

Exclusion Criteria

Presence of previous history of any neurological deficits

Participants with any cardiovascular disease or severe metabolic disease

Participants with Severe musculoskeletal disorders eg recent fractures severe osteoarthritis spinal disorders that limit mobility

Participants taking sedatives or medications affecting balance eg benzodiazepines antipsychotics

Severe visual or vestibular impairments significantly impacting balance

Participants with acute or chronic pain conditions that may interfere with exercise participation

Later Informed consent will be obtained from the participants and demographic data will be recorded Participants will be explained regarding the procedure of the study and how it will be beneficial to the participants Prior to intervention Pre assessment of the participants will be done Later Participants will be randomly allocated in 2 groups that is the experimental group and control group Experimental group will be given core strengthening Control group will receive conventional exercises The participants will be given exercise regimen and administered to perform one session per day for 3 days a week for 8 weeks After 8 weeks post assessment will be done and the data will be entered in Excel  After which Statistical analysis will be done and the results with the conclusion will be mentioned

Intervention Group n 50

Pelvic Bridging

Abdominal curls

Opposite arm and leg raises

Abdominal Bracing

Bicycle crunches

Trunk rotation using wand  in standing

Cobra Pose

Side bend with using theraband

Single knee to chest

 According to FITT Principle

Frequency  3 days a week 2 week

Intensity Low to Moderate Depending on patients tolerance

Time 10 repetitions  per set and 2set each session

Type  Core Strengthening..

Frequency 3 days a week 3 week

Intensity Moderate

Time  10 repetitions  per set and  2set each session

Type Core strengthening.

Frequency 3 days a week 3 week

Intensity Moderate  To High

Time 10 repetitions per set and 2set each session

Type Core Strengthening

Duration  20 to 25min

Conventional Group

Warm Up 5 to 10 Minutes for all weeks 1 Seated or Standing Marching 1 to 2 min 2 Lift knees alternately while seated or standing 3 Shoulder Rolls 30 sec forward 30 sec backward 4 Neck Mobility Gentle Turns and Tilts 30 sec 5 Ankle Circles 30 sec per leg 6 Heel and Toe Raises 3 sets of 10 reps 7 Torso Twists 30 sec 8 Gentle Side Bends 3 reps per side

Goal Improve posture weight shifting and basic lower body strength

Seated Leg Lifts F 3 days per week I Low T 3 sets of 10 to 15 reps T Seated core and leg stability

Chair Squats F 3 days per week I Low to moderate T 3 sets of 10 to 15 reps T Leg and core and strength

Heel to Toe Standing F 3 days per week I Low T Hold for 15 sec 3 reps T Static balance

Weight Shifts F 3 days per week I Low to moderate T 3 sets of 10 reps T Dynamic balance

Heel and Toe Raises F 3 days per week I Low to moderate T 3 sets of 15 reps T Ankle stability

Week 3 and 4 Goals Improve balance reactions and coordination

Single Leg Stand F 3 days per week I Low T Hold 10 sec per leg 3 reps T Static balance

Tandem Walking F 3 days per week I Low to moderate T 3 sets of 5 metres T Gait training

Side Leg Raises F 3 days per week I Low to moderate T 3 sets of 10 reps per leg T Hip and core strength

Step Ups F 3 days per week I Moderate T 3 sets of 10 reps T Leg strength and balance

Turning in Place F 3 days per week I Moderate T 3 sets of 360 degree turns T Coordination and vestibular training