Effects of a Exercise Program on Health Outcomes in People With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Interventions: Other: EnhanceFitness community exercise program

Registration Number: NCT03002155

Lead Sponsor: University of Washington

Brief Summary: People with diabetes are at risk for life altering complications, including diabetic foot ulcers. To heal a diabetic foot ulcer, people are often required to refrain from bearing weight on their affected limb for months. These long periods of non-weight bearing can result in severe physical deconditioning, putting these individuals at risk for further health decline. The goal of this pilot, randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effects of a seated exercise program on clinically meaningful outcomes in people with diabetic foot ulcers. The long-term aim of this research is to improve overall health and quality of life in people with complications from diabetes.

Detailed Description: People with diabetes are at risk for life-altering complications and comorbidities. One of the most serious complications is a diabetic foot ulcer, which significantly increases risk for limb amputation. To heal a diabetic foot ulcer, patients are often instructed to refrain from bearing weight on the affected limb. This non-weight bearing protocol results in extended periods of inactivity that can lead to severe physical deconditioning, including diminished strength, endurance, and flexibility. EnhanceFitness, a community exercise program designed for older adults, holds classes that can be adapted for people who are non-weight bearing due to a healing foot ulcer. These exercise classes focus specifically on strength training, aerobic fitness, and stretching - activities that can counteract progressive deconditioning in people with diabetic foot ulcer. Health benefits associated with exercise in people with diabetes are well-established. However, for those experiencing declines in health and physical function because of healing protocols for a diabetic foot ulcer, the potential benefits of exercise are not yet known. The proposed project aims to address this gap in diabetes research.

The long-term goal of this research is to improve the health and quality of life of people with complications from diabetes. The specific goal of this project is to evaluate the effect of a seated community exercise program, EnhanceFitness, on clinically-meaningful outcomes in people with diabetic foot ulcers. Study investigators will recruit people with diabetic foot ulcers from local wound care clinics and randomly assign them to two groups. The first group will engage in EnhanceFitness, an existing community fitness program appropriate for people with weight-bearing restrictions due to wound-healing protocols. The second group will receive the standard of care, which does not include exercise recommendations. To assess the effectiveness of the seated exercise program, the investigators will compare important health outcomes between people with diabetic foot ulcers participating in EnhanceFitness and a control group with diabetic foot ulcers. Specifically, the investigators will assess physical and physiological outcomes, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lower-extremity strength, and wound healing. The investigators will also measure psychosocial outcomes, such as depression, perceived physical function, overall health, and self-reported ability to continue with exercise. Further, the investigators will evaluate the feasibility of conducting research assessing the effects of seated exercise in people with foot ulcers. The data collected in this pilot research will be used to apply for large, extramural funding that aims to mitigate physical deconditioning in people with diabetic foot ulcers.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 24

Inclusion Criteria

18 or more years of age
diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
undergoing treatment for a Wagner grade II, III, or IV diabetic foot ulcer
able to attend regular exercise classes and two data collection sessions

Exclusion Criteria

medical conditions where aerobic or resistance exercise is contraindicated (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular problems)
a score of less than 18 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment indicating moderate cognitive impairment
response from primary physician requesting that the participant not engage in exercise
current participation in a regular exercise program (more than 30 minutes, more than 2 times a week)

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Exercise	EnhanceFitness community exercise program	EnhanceFitness exercise class, 1 hour, 3 times a week, duration of 12 weeks.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 12-week Session	12 weeks post-intervention	Average blood glucose over a three-month period
Chair Stand Test (5x Sit-to-Stand) at 12-week Session	12 weeks post-intervention	Measure of functional mobility and lower extremity strength. The 5x Sit-to-Stand test measures the total amount of time that it takes a individual to stand up and sit down in a chair five times. The individual is asked to stand up and sit down five times as quickly as they are able. The research staff started the stopwatch on "begin" and stopped timing after the individual had completed the fifth round of standing/sitting. Faster times are better, and scores are recorded in seconds.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
PROMIS-Depression at 12 Weeks	12 weeks post-intervention	Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression 4-item short form. Results are reported as a T-score. PROMIS-Depression is a self-reported questionnaire to assess depression. A higher T-score indicates greater depression; a T-score of 50 indicates the general population mean with a standard deviation of 10. T-scores range from 41.0 to 79.4 for the 4-item short form.
PROMIS-Physical Function	12 weeks post-intervention	Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function 11-item short form. Results are reported as a T-score. PROMIS-Physical Function is a self-reported questionnaire to assess physical function. A higher T-score indicates better physical function; a T-score of 50 indicates the general population mean with a standard deviation of 10. T-scores range from 11.9 to 57.9 for the 11-item short form.
Retention	Through the end of study participation, approximately 12 weeks	Feasibility measure- did the participant attend all study data collection sessions?
PROMIS-Global at 12-week Session	12 weeks post-intervention	Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global 10-item short form. Results are reported as a T-score. PROMIS-Global is a self-reported questionnaire to assess global health. T-scores are calculated for 2 subscales- physical health and mental health. A higher T-score indicates better physical health and better mental health; a T-score of 50 indicates the general population mean with a standard deviation of 10. T-scores for physical health range from 16.2 to 67.7. T-scores for mental health range from 21.2 to 67.6.
EnhanceFitness Program Evaluation	12-weeks post-intervention	Feasibility measure, satisfaction with exercise program for participants in the intervention group. This satisfaction measure was designed by EnhanceFitness. It included 5 items, each item was rated by participants as 1 (not at all satisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). Responses for the five questions were summed and divided by 5. Scores ranged from 1-5, with better scored indicating higher satisfaction.
Adverse Events	Through the end of study participation, approximately 12 weeks	Feasibility measure- number of adverse events, if any, that occurred for each participant.
Adherence	Through the end of study participation, approximately 12 weeks	Feasibility measure- % classes attended by participants in the intervention group