Postprandial Response of Fresh-squeezed and Processed Orange Juice of Lean and Obese Subjects

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Obesity
• Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Orange juice; Dietary Supplement: Control

• Registration Number: NCT03032120
• Lead Sponsor: São Paulo State University

Brief Summary

This study aimed investigated the acute intake effect of fresh-squeezed orange juice (FOJ), processed orange juice (POJ), and an isoenergetic orange-flavored drink (control) on postprandial response of blood serum biomarkers (glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin), anti-oxidatant status, and prospective food intake in lean and obese subjects.

Detailed Description

Non-randomized crossover clinical trial, in which eligible participants (n= 36) were allocated in accordance with their body mass index in two groups, lean (n = 18, 9 women/9 men) and obese (n = 18, 9 women/9 men). Subjects of both groups intake of one single dose (5 mL/kg body weight) of isoenergetic beverages in three different phases: (1) fresh-squeezed orange juice (FOJ), (2) commercial processed orange juice (POJ) and (3) an energy and sugars-matched orange-flavored drink (control), with a washout period of seven days among each beverage. Thirty minutes after the intake of each beverage, the participants had a flavonoid-free standard breakfast, which contained coffee (infusion), milk, sugar or sweetener, white bread sandwich with lean ham and light cream cheese, salted and sweet biscuits. Posteriorly, blood samples (10 mL) were collected at 30, 60, 120 and 300 min after each intervention with a catheter installed in a vein of the arm. After blood collection, the volunteers were instructed to record all meals throughout the day, noting the amount eaten of each food. The sample number took into account variations in blood serum glucose with a type I error α = 0.05 and a type II error β = 0.2 (80% power). Primary output were the modification on glucose or insulin concentration induced by different beverages in some point of the curves. The secondary output was the antioxidant activity induced by FOJ and/or POJ. Kolmogorov Smirnov and Levene test, respectively assessed normality and homogeneity of the data. Area under the curve (AUC0-300 min) was calculated by the clearance of the appetite related-biomarkers (glucose, insulin, leptin and adiponectin) during 300 min for each trial phase Other parameters, as maximum concentration (Cmax), and time to reach maximum blood concentration (Tmax) were also estimated. AUC was determined with the trapezoidal method by Microcal Software Inc., Origin® 6.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Sidak post hoc was applied to compared the effect of interventions on appetite related-biomarkers, anti-oxidant status and beverage composition. P significance was set up ≤ 0.05.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2012-07
• Primary Completion: 2012-11
• Study Completion: 2012-11
• Study First Submitted: 2017-01-16
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-01-23
• Study First Posted: 2017-01-26
• Status Verified: 2017-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-02-01
• Last Update Posted: 2017-02-02

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 36

Inclusion Criteria

1. Healthy men and women volunteers;
2. Volunteers with BMI between 18.5 to 39.9 kg/m2.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Volunteers with BMI between more than 40 kg/m2;
2. Smokers volunteers;
3. Volunteers who are in treatment with drugs (except contraceptives), vitamins and nutritional supplements;
4. Volunteers who are dieting for weight loss;
5. Volunteers who gained or lost more than 3 kg of weight in the last 3 months;
6. Volunteers who consume more than 20 g of alcohol per day
7. Volunteers who practicing intense physical activity (more than 5 hours per week).

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Fresh orange juice	Orange juice	Intervention: The subjects drank 5 mL/kg body weight of fresh-squeezed orange juice (FOJ).
Processed orange juice	Orange juice	Intervention: The subjects drank 5 mL/kg body weight of processed orange juice (POJ).
Control	Control	The subjects drank 5 mL/kg body weight of control drink compounded by water mixed with sugars in a similar concentration of orange juices (5.2% of sucrose, 2.5% of fructose, 2.1% of glucose, 0.75% of citric acid, and malic acid 0.25%, flavored and colored with some drops of orange essence).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Assessment of the changes on glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels over the time times 0, 30, 60, 120, and 300 min	Up to 6 month after blood collection of glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin.	Determination of glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin in the blood serum.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Assessment of the changes on blood serum antioxidant biomarkers before and after each beverage intervention	Up to 6 month after blood collection of antioxidant biomarkers (TBARS and ABTS).	Determination of TBARS and ABTS in the blood serum.
Assessing of change on prospective food intake after each beverage intervention	Up to 3 weeks after the application of each 24-h food recall.	Evaluation of prospective food intake by 24-h food recall.