Naltrexone and Lofexidine in Detoxified Heroin Addicts

Stress is one of the more common reasons cited by addicts for continual drug use and relapse. Naltrexone treatment of opiate addicts suffers from high rates of drop-out and relapse. This may be a result of naltrexone's inability to reduce symptoms of stress during early recovery. Treatment approaches that target both drug-induced and stress-induced relapse may prove to be more beneficial than targeting drug-induced relapse alone. Lofexidine is a drug that reduces the physical symptoms of opiate withdrawal and may prove to have stress-reducing capabilities. The purpose of this study is to determine the maximal safe dose of lofexidine tolerated in naltrexone-treated opiate addicts and to find an optimal lofexidine induction schedule. The study will also assess any side effects that occur during a discontinuation phase of lofexidine.

This pilot study will last a total of 8 weeks. Recently detoxified opiate dependent participants who are eligible for naltrexone treatment will enter a 4-week single-blind dose tolerability phase, during which participants will receive naltrexone and 1 of 3 twice-daily lofexidine induction schedules. All participants will be required to remain in the clinic for 2 hours immediately following dosing in order to monitor vital signs and side effects. Study visits will occur three times each week, at which time naltrexone medication for self-administration will be handed out and participants will be evaluated in terms of tolerability to treatment. After the 4 weeks of treatment, a double-blind lofexidine detoxification phase using a 5-day taper will occur. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two maintenance-taper schedules. The first group will undergo a 5-day tapering, followed by a placebo for three weeks, followed by a 5-day tapering during Week 4. Withdrawal symptoms and side effects will be evaluated.