Peginterferon Beta-1a (Plegridy®): A Comprehensive Monograph on its Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Therapeutic Role in Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction and Drug Profile

The Clinical Challenge of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that represents a significant global health challenge.[1] The pathophysiology of MS is characterized by a complex interplay of inflammation and demyelination, wherein the body's own immune system erroneously targets and attacks the myelin sheath—the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.[1] This autoimmune assault disrupts the normal transmission of nerve impulses, leading to a wide spectrum of debilitating neurological symptoms. These can include, but are not limited to, profound fatigue, alterations in gait and balance, bladder and bowel dysfunction, vision disturbances, abnormal muscle spasticity, and significant mood swings, including depression.[1]

MS is one of the most common causes of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults, with a notable predilection for women over men.[1] The clinical course of the disease is heterogeneous, but the majority of patients are initially diagnosed with a relapsing-remitting form (RRMS), characterized by acute episodes of neurological dysfunction (relapses) followed by periods of partial or complete recovery (remissions).[3] Over time, many patients with RRMS may transition to a secondary progressive phase (SPMS), marked by a steady accumulation of disability, with or without superimposed relapses.[3]