A Comprehensive Pharmacological and Clinical Monograph on Water (DB09145)

I. Compound Identification and Physicochemical Profile

Water, the small molecule identified by DrugBank ID DB09145, is the most abundant chemical compound on Earth and is indispensable for all known forms of life.[1] While ubiquitous, in the context of medicine and pharmacology, it is treated as a distinct chemical entity with specific grades of purity, manufacturing standards, and clinical applications. Its unique physicochemical properties are the foundation of its physiological roles and its utility as a pharmaceutical agent. A precise understanding of its identity is therefore paramount.

1.1. Nomenclature and Identifiers

The extensive list of synonyms and identifiers for water reflects its multifaceted roles, from a fundamental chemical to a highly regulated pharmaceutical product. This nomenclature underscores the critical importance of specifying the purity and intended use in any clinical or research context. The proliferation of terms is not merely a matter of semantics but a direct consequence of the need to differentiate between water as a physiological substance and water as a manufactured product with stringent quality controls.[2]

• Primary Names: Water, Aqua [1]
• Systematic IUPAC Name: Oxidane [1]
• Common Chemical Names: Dihydrogen oxide, Dihydrogen Monoxide (DHMO), Hydrogen oxide [1]
• Pharmaceutical and Common Terms: A wide array of terms are used, often denoting purity or application, including Purified Water, Distilled Water, Deionized Water, Sterile Water, Water for Injection (WFI), Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, Sterile Water for Irrigation, and Water for Hemodialysis.[1]
• Database Identifiers:
• DrugBank ID: DB09145 [User Query]
• CAS Number: 7732-18-5 (primary registry number) [1]
• PubChem Compound ID (CID): 962 [6]
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-791-2 [1]
• UNII (Unique Ingredient Identifier): 059QF0KO0R [1]