Lysine

Overview

Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG. Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The ε-amino group acts as a site for hydrogen binding and a general base in catalysis. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the ε-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.

Indication

Supplemental lysine has putative anti-herpes simplex virus activity. There is preliminary research suggesting that it may have some anti-osteoporotic activity.

Associated Conditions

Weight Loss

Clinical Trials

Title	Posted	Study ID	Phase	Status	Sponsor
Leucine in Midlife Depression	2024/08/30	NCT06580145	Phase 2	Recruiting	Emory University
NEPC Study: An Exploratory Safety and Efficacy Study With PSMA, SSTR2 and GRPR Targeted Radioligand Therapy in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.	2024/04/23	NCT06379217	Phase 1	Recruiting	Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Determinants of Alpha-aminoadipic Acid (2-AAA) and Relationship to Diabetes: Study 3	2022/01/27	NCT05210504	Phase 1	Completed	Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Mechanism and Effects of Manipulating Chloride Homeostasis in Acute Heart Failure	2018/02/27	NCT03446651	Early Phase 1	Completed	Yale University
Mechanism and Effects of Manipulating Chloride Homeostasis in Stable Heart Failure	2018/02/22	NCT03440970	Early Phase 1	Active, not recruiting	Yale University
The Effect of Acute Lysine Administration on α-aminoadipic Acid (Sub-study)	2017/02/24	NCT03063476	Phase 1	Completed	Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Study of Platelet Function After Administration of Aspirin Versus Lysine Acetylsalicylate in STEMI Patients	2016/10/11	NCT02929888	Phase 2	UNKNOWN	Fundacion Investigacion Interhospitalaria Cardiovascular
The Effect of Acute Lysine Administration on α-aminoadipic Acid	2016/04/29	NCT02756117	Phase 1	Completed	Vanderbilt University
Study of Platelet Function After Administration of Aspirin Versus Lysine Acetylsalicylate	2014/09/17	NCT02243137	Phase 1	Completed	David Vivas
Aspirin Resistance Reversibility in Diabetic Patients	2013/09/05	NCT01935193	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista

FDA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Manufacturer	NDC Code	Route	Strength	Effective Date
CLINIMIX	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	0338-0184	INTRAVENOUS	464 mg in 100 mL	4/13/2021
CLINIMIX E	Baxter Healthcare Company	0338-0210	INTRAVENOUS	464 mg in 100 mL	9/21/2020
CLINIMIX E	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	0338-0210	INTRAVENOUS	464 mg in 100 mL	9/21/2020
CLINIMIX	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	0338-1089	INTRAVENOUS	247 mg in 100 mL	4/13/2021
CLINIMIX	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	0338-1099	INTRAVENOUS	290 mg in 100 mL	4/13/2021
Aminosyn II	ICU Medical Inc.	0990-7171	INTRAVENOUS	1575 mg in 100 mL	5/4/2022
CLINIMIX	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	0338-0194	INTRAVENOUS	464 mg in 100 mL	4/13/2021
CLINIMIX E	Baxter Healthcare Company	0338-1147	INTRAVENOUS	290 mg in 100 mL	9/21/2020
CLINIMIX E	Baxter Healthcare Corporation	0338-1147	INTRAVENOUS	290 mg in 100 mL	9/21/2020
CLINIMIX E	Baxter Healthcare Company	0338-1142	INTRAVENOUS	159 mg in 100 mL	9/21/2020

EMA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Authorization Holder	Status	Issued Date
LysaKare	Advanced Accelerator Applications,Advanced Accelerator Applications,8-10 Rue Henri Sainte-Claire Deville,92500 Rueil-Malmaison,France	Authorised	7/25/2019
LysaKare	Advanced Accelerator Applications,Advanced Accelerator Applications,8-10 Rue Henri Sainte-Claire Deville,92500 Rueil-Malmaison,France	Authorised	7/25/2019

HSA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Manufacturer	Approval Number	Dosage Form	Strength	Approval Date
LYSAKARE SOLUTION FOR INFUSION 25G / 25G	LABORATOIRE BIOLUZ	SIN16003P	INFUSION, SOLUTION	25 g/L	8/31/2020
OLICLINOMEL N4-550 E EMULSION FOR INFUSION	BAXTER SA, Ajinomoto North America Incorporated (Intermediate)	SIN12542P	EMULSION	1.60 g/l	5/6/2004
SmofKabiven Emulsion for Infusion	Fresenius Kabi AB, Fresenius Kabi Austria GmbH	SIN14286P	INJECTION, EMULSION	9.3g /1000ml	1/8/2013
KABIVEN PERIPHERAL EMULSION FOR INFUSION	FRESENIUS KABI AB, FRESENIUS KABI AUSTRIA GMBH	SIN11718P	INJECTION	1.9 g/l	11/16/2001
OLICLINOMEL N7-1000 E EMULSION FOR INFUSION	BAXTER SA, Ajinomoto North America Incorporated (Intermediate)	SIN12539P	EMULSION	2.90 g/l	5/6/2004
NUTRIFLEX® OMEGA PLUS EMULSION FOR INFUSION	B. Braun Melsungen AG	SIN15468P	INJECTION, EMULSION	2.728g/1000ml	4/23/2018
PERIOLIMEL N4E Emulsion for Infusion	Ajinomoto Health & Nutrition North America Inc. (Intermediate), Baxter S.A	SIN16888P	EMULSION	1.99g/L	10/20/2023
TROPHAMINE INJECTION 10%	B BRAUN MEDICAL INC	SIN07846P	INJECTION	0.82 g/100 ml	9/12/1994
AMINOPLASMAL B.BRAUN 10% E SOLUTION FOR INFUSION	B. Braun Melsungen AG	SIN15411P	INFUSION, SOLUTION	8.56g/1000ml	1/23/2018
NUTRIFLEX® OMEGA SPECIAL B. BRAUN EMULSION FOR INFUSION	B. Braun Melsungen AG	SIN16734P	INJECTION, EMULSION	3.980g/1000ml	3/7/2023

NMPA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Company	Approval Number	Drug Type	Dosage Form	Approval Date
No NMPA approvals found for this drug.

PPB Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Registration No.	Company	Licence No.	Strength	Registration Date
VAMINOLACT I.V. SOLUTION	N/A	FRESENIUS KABI HONG KONG LIMITED	N/A	N/A	10/14/1992
PAN-AMIN G INJ	N/A	LUEN CHEONG HONG	N/A	N/A	5/17/1979
PAN-AMIN G SOLUTION FOR INFUSION 500ML	N/A	otsuka pharmaceutical (h.k.) limited	N/A	N/A	4/5/2012
NUTRINEAL PD4 SOLUTION	N/A	Vantive Healthcare Limited	N/A	N/A	9/9/1999
LA-FLAMING INJ.	N/A	FALKAN MEDICAL LIMITED	N/A	N/A	1/28/2010
OLIMEL N9E EMULSION FOR INFUSION	N/A	Baxter Healthcare Ltd	N/A	N/A	10/24/2013
NUTRIFLEX OMEGA SPECIAL EMULSION FOR INFUSION	N/A	B BRAUN MEDICAL SA	N/A	N/A	1/11/2012
SMOFKABIVEN EMULSION FOR INFUSION	N/A	FRESENIUS KABI HONG KONG LIMITED	N/A	N/A	5/26/2011
NUTRIFLEX OMEGA PLUS EMULSION FOR INFUSION	N/A	B BRAUN MEDICAL SA	N/A	N/A	1/11/2012
AMINOGEN-S SOLUTION FOR INFUSION	N/A	wings pharmaceutical ltd	N/A	N/A	8/15/2013

TGA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	ARTG ID	Sponsor	Registration Type	Status	Registration Date
Cellula-T oral powder jar	43995	Hong Sp & Hs	Medicine	A	4/13/1993
SYNTHAMIN 17 Amino acid 10% with Electrolytes and Glucose 25% 1000mL injection AHB6350	19609	Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	9/30/1991
AMINOVEN amino acid 10% solution for infusion 500 mL bottle	117659	Fresenius Kabi Australia Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	10/22/2007
SMOFKABIVEN amino acids 5.1% / lipids 3.8% / glucose 12.7% / electrolytes 0.7% emulsion for intravenous infusion bag 1970 mL	180546	Fresenius Kabi Australia Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	1/9/2012
Kids Multi	329564	Factors Group Australia Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	2/6/2020
OLICLINOMEL N4-550 E 1000 mL IV emulsion for infusion with electrolytes bag	136599	Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	9/4/2007
OLICLINOMEL N4-550 E 2500 mL IV emulsion for infusion with electrolytes bag	141396	Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	9/4/2007
OLIMEL N5-860E Emulsion for intravenous infusion	197417	Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	8/9/2013
Visdon BRAINBOOK Concentration Support	371690	Visdon Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	7/27/2021
Olimel N12-640 emulsion for intravenous infusion bag.	303755	Baxter Healthcare Pty Ltd	Medicine	A	7/1/2019

Health Canada Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Company	DIN	Dosage Form	Strength	Market Date
2.5% TRAVASOL AMINO ACID INJECTION WITH ELECTROLYTES IN 10% DEXTROSE CLINIMIX	baxter corporation clintec nutrition division	02013975	Solution - Intravenous	145 MG / 100 ML	12/31/1993
CLINIMIX E	baxter corporation	02013967	Solution - Intravenous	290 MG / 100 ML	12/31/1993
TRAVASOL INJ WITHOUT ELECTROLYTES 5.5%	baxter corporation	00388742	Solution - Intravenous	318 MG / 100 ML	12/31/1978
PRIMENE 10%-LIQ IV	clintec nutrition company	02161192	Liquid - Intravenous	1.1 G / 100 ML	12/31/1995
METABOLINE	desbergers ltée, division of technilab inc.	00086878	Tablet - Oral	100 MG	12/31/1967
RENAMIN (AMINO ACIDS) INJECTION	baxter corporation	02020564	Solution - Intravenous	450 MG / 100 ML	2/2/1996
PRIMENE 10%	baxter corporation	02236875	Liquid - Intravenous	1.1 G / 100 ML	11/14/1997
CLINIMIX	baxter corporation	02013916	Solution - Intravenous	246 MG / 100 ML	12/31/1993
4.25% TRAVASOL AMINO ACID INJECTION WITH ELECTROLYTES IN 5% DEXTROSE QUICKMIX	baxter corporation clintec nutrition division	02014017	Solution - Intravenous	246 MG / 100 ML	12/31/1995
TRAVASOL	baxter corporation	00388769	Solution - Intravenous	580 MG / 100 ML	12/31/1980

CIMA AEMPS Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Company	Registration Number	Pharmaceutical Form	Prescription Type	Status
No CIMA AEMPS (Spain) approvals found for this drug.

Philippines FDA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Company	License Number	Dosage Form	Strength	Approval Date
No Philippines FDA approvals found for this drug.

Saudi SFDA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Company	License Number	Dosage Form	Strength	Approval Date
No Saudi SFDA approvals found for this drug.

Malaysia NPRA Drug Approvals

Approved Product	Company	Registration Number	Dosage Form	Strength	Approval Date
No Malaysia NPRA approvals found for this drug.

UK EMC Drug Information

Medicine Name	MA Holder	MA Number	Pharmaceutical Form	Active Ingredient	Authorization Date
No UK EMC drug information found for this drug.

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