Overview
Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG. Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The ε-amino group acts as a site for hydrogen binding and a general base in catalysis. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the ε-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.
Background
Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG. Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The ε-amino group acts as a site for hydrogen binding and a general base in catalysis. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the ε-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.
Indication
Supplemental lysine has putative anti-herpes simplex virus activity. There is preliminary research suggesting that it may have some anti-osteoporotic activity.
Associated Conditions
- Weight Loss
Clinical Trials
Title | Posted | Study ID | Phase | Status | Sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024/08/30 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | |||
2024/04/23 | Phase 1 | Recruiting | |||
2022/01/27 | Phase 1 | Completed | |||
2018/02/27 | Early Phase 1 | Completed | |||
2018/02/22 | Early Phase 1 | Recruiting | |||
2017/02/24 | Phase 1 | Completed | |||
2016/10/11 | Phase 2 | UNKNOWN | Fundacion Investigacion Interhospitalaria Cardiovascular | ||
2016/04/29 | Phase 1 | Completed | |||
2014/09/17 | Phase 1 | Completed | David Vivas | ||
2013/09/05 | Phase 4 | UNKNOWN | Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista |
FDA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Manufacturer | NDC Code | Route | Strength | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baxter Healthcare Corporation | 0338-0184 | INTRAVENOUS | 464 mg in 100 mL | 4/13/2021 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Company | 0338-0210 | INTRAVENOUS | 464 mg in 100 mL | 9/21/2020 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Corporation | 0338-0210 | INTRAVENOUS | 464 mg in 100 mL | 9/21/2020 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Corporation | 0338-1089 | INTRAVENOUS | 247 mg in 100 mL | 4/13/2021 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Corporation | 0338-1099 | INTRAVENOUS | 290 mg in 100 mL | 4/13/2021 | |
| ICU Medical Inc. | 0990-7171 | INTRAVENOUS | 1575 mg in 100 mL | 5/4/2022 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Corporation | 0338-0194 | INTRAVENOUS | 464 mg in 100 mL | 4/13/2021 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Company | 0338-1147 | INTRAVENOUS | 290 mg in 100 mL | 9/21/2020 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Corporation | 0338-1147 | INTRAVENOUS | 290 mg in 100 mL | 9/21/2020 | |
| Baxter Healthcare Company | 0338-1142 | INTRAVENOUS | 159 mg in 100 mL | 9/21/2020 |
EMA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Authorization Holder | Status | Issued Date |
|---|---|---|---|
Authorised | 7/25/2019 |
HSA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Manufacturer | Approval Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LYSAKARE SOLUTION FOR INFUSION 25G / 25G | SIN16003P | INFUSION, SOLUTION | 25 g/L | 8/31/2020 | |
| OLICLINOMEL N4-550 E EMULSION FOR INFUSION | SIN12542P | EMULSION | 1.60 g/l | 5/6/2004 | |
| SmofKabiven Emulsion for Infusion | SIN14286P | INJECTION, EMULSION | 9.3g /1000ml | 1/8/2013 | |
| KABIVEN PERIPHERAL EMULSION FOR INFUSION | SIN11718P | INJECTION | 1.9 g/l | 11/16/2001 | |
| OLICLINOMEL N7-1000 E EMULSION FOR INFUSION | SIN12539P | EMULSION | 2.90 g/l | 5/6/2004 | |
| NUTRIFLEX® OMEGA PLUS EMULSION FOR INFUSION | SIN15468P | INJECTION, EMULSION | 2.728g/1000ml | 4/23/2018 | |
| PERIOLIMEL N4E Emulsion for Infusion | SIN16888P | EMULSION | 1.99g/L | 10/20/2023 | |
| TROPHAMINE INJECTION 10% | SIN07846P | INJECTION | 0.82 g/100 ml | 9/12/1994 | |
| AMINOPLASMAL B.BRAUN 10% E SOLUTION FOR INFUSION | SIN15411P | INFUSION, SOLUTION | 8.56g/1000ml | 1/23/2018 | |
| NUTRIFLEX® OMEGA SPECIAL B. BRAUN EMULSION FOR INFUSION | SIN16734P | INJECTION, EMULSION | 3.980g/1000ml | 3/7/2023 |
NMPA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Company | Approval Number | Drug Type | Dosage Form | Approval Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20050211 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 7/17/2022 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20050254 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 1/8/2021 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20050376 | 化学药品 | 注射剂(注射液) | 8/12/2020 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20070017 | 化学药品 | 注射剂(注射液) | 8/12/2020 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20070083 | 化学药品 | 注射剂(注射液) | 4/13/2021 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20060306 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 1/31/2023 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20052348 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 6/30/2020 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20052036 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 2/2/2021 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride and Glucose Injection | 国药准字H20051874 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 9/29/2020 | |
| Lysine Hydrochloride Injection | 国药准字H20000554 | 化学药品 | 注射剂 | 9/26/2020 |
PPB Drug Approvals
Approved Product | Registration No. | Company | Licence No. | Strength | Registration Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAMINOLACT I.V. SOLUTION | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10/14/1992 | |
| PAN-AMIN G INJ | N/A | luen cheong hong ltd | N/A | N/A | 5/17/1979 |
| PAN-AMIN G SOLUTION FOR INFUSION 500ML | N/A | otsuka pharmaceutical (h.k.) limited | N/A | N/A | 4/5/2012 |
| NUTRINEAL PD4 SOLUTION | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9/9/1999 |
TGA Drug Approvals
Approved Product | ARTG ID | Sponsor | Registration Type | Status | Registration Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cellula-T oral powder jar | 43995 | Hong Sp & Hs | Medicine | A | 4/13/1993 |
| SYNTHAMIN 17 Amino acid 10% with Electrolytes and Glucose 25% 1000mL injection AHB6350 | 19609 | Medicine | A | 9/30/1991 | |
| AMINOVEN amino acid 10% solution for infusion 500 mL bottle | 117659 | Medicine | A | 10/22/2007 | |
| SMOFKABIVEN amino acids 5.1% / lipids 3.8% / glucose 12.7% / electrolytes 0.7% emulsion for intravenous infusion bag 1970 mL | 180546 | Medicine | A | 1/9/2012 | |
| Kids Multi | 329564 | Medicine | A | 2/6/2020 | |
| OLICLINOMEL N4-550 E 1000 mL IV emulsion for infusion with electrolytes bag | 136599 | Medicine | A | 9/4/2007 | |
| OLICLINOMEL N4-550 E 2500 mL IV emulsion for infusion with electrolytes bag | 141396 | Medicine | A | 9/4/2007 | |
| OLIMEL N5-860E Emulsion for intravenous infusion | 197417 | Medicine | A | 8/9/2013 | |
| Visdon BRAINBOOK Concentration Support | 371690 | Medicine | A | 7/27/2021 | |
| Olimel N12-640 emulsion for intravenous infusion bag. | 303755 | Medicine | A | 7/1/2019 |