Magnesium citrate

Magnesium Citrate Report

Name: Magnesium citrate Name (English): Magnesium citrate DrugBank ID: DB11110 Type: Small Molecule CAS Number: 3344-18-1

Magnesium citrate is a magnesium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula $\text{C}{12}\text{H}{10}\text{Mg}3\text{O}{14}$ and a molecular weight of 451.113 g/mol. It may exist as an anhydrous or hydrated salt.

Pharmacology: Magnesium citrate is an osmotic laxative that works by increasing fluid in the small intestine, which stimulates bowel movements. The high osmolality of the solution draws large amounts of fluid into the colonic lumen. It may also stimulate fluid excretion by cholecystokinin release and activation of muscle peristalsis. Magnesium is also an essential mineral involved in numerous enzymatic reactions and physiological processes.

Indications:

• Bowel preparation before medical procedures like colonoscopy.
• Relief of occasional constipation.
• Magnesium supplementation for the treatment or prevention of hypomagnesemia.

Dosage & Administration: Dosage varies depending on the indication and patient age. For constipation in adults, 195-300 mL of oral solution in a single daily dose or divided doses with a full glass of water, or 2-4 tablets at bedtime. For bowel preparation, a healthcare professional will provide specific instructions. As a nutritional supplement, the recommended daily allowance for magnesium varies by age and sex.

Contraindications:

• Bowel obstruction or perforation
• Ileus
• Severe abdominal pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Rectal bleeding
• Kidney disease

Adverse Effects: Common side effects include abdominal discomfort, cramping, gas, and nausea. More serious side effects may include persistent diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, slow or irregular heartbeat, mental or mood changes, muscle weakness, and dehydration.