First introduced in 1995, glimepiride is a member of the second-generation sulfonylurea (SU) drug class used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve glycemic control. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder with increasing prevalences worldwide; it is characterized by insulin resistance in accordance with progressive β cell failure and long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that lead to co-morbidities and mortalities. Sulfonylureas are one of the insulin secretagogues widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose levels. The main effect of SUs is thought to be effective when residual pancreatic β-cells are present, as they work by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells and they are also thought to exert extra-pancreatic effects, such as increasing the insulin-mediated peripheral glucose uptake.
Glimepiride works by stimulating the secretion of insulin granules from pancreatic islet beta cells by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K channels) and causing depolarization of the beta cells. Compared to glipizide, another second SU drug, glimepiride has a longer duration of action. It is sometimes classified as a third-generation SU because it has larger substitutions than other second-generation SUs. Compared to other SUs, glimepiride was associated with a lower risk of developing hypoglycemia and weight gain in clinical trials as well as fewer cardiovascular effects than other SUs due to minimal effects on ischemic preconditioning of cardiac myocytes. It is effective in reducing fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and is considered to be a useful, cost-effective treatment option for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glimepiride was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of T2DM. It is commonly marketed under the brand name Amaryl as oral tablets and is typically administered once daily.
Glimepiride is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes in adults as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control as monotherapy.
It may also be indicated for use in combination with metformin or insulin to lower blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes whose high blood sugar levels cannot be controlled by diet and exercise in conjunction with an oral hypoglycemic (a drug used to lower blood sugar levels) agent alone.
PMI Health Research Group, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
North Alabama Research Center, LLC, Athens, Alabama, United States
Matrix Research Institute, Tustin, California, United States
Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
1245.28.43003 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Wien, Austria
1245.28.10030 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Draper, Utah, United States
1245.28.10014 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Rochester, New York, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site, Yokohama-shi, Japan
1218.64.61002 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
1218.64.20007 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
1218.64.20008 Boehringer Ingelheim Investigational Site, Corunna, Ontario, Canada
For additional information regarding investigative sites for this trial, contact 1-877-CTLILLY (1-877-285-4559, 1-317-615-4559) Mon - Fri from 9 AM to 5 PM Eastern Time (UTC/GMT - 5 hours, EST), or speak with your personal physician., Yung-Kang, Tainan, Taiwan
Anapharm Inc, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
Research Site, Wellingborough, United Kingdom
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