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The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is a live attenuated vaccine containing a mixture of one or more strains of poliovirus serotypes. Strains of the virus are selected based on their reduced incidence of spreading to the central nervous system but still having the ability to mimic the immune response that occurs after infection with the wild poliovirus. The vaccine is created by weakening the wildtype before being placed into the oral vaccine. After administration, OPV strains extensively multiply in the intestinal tract, becoming widely spread in the community to immunize a sizable proportion of those unvaccinated in the population. With administration, this vaccine prevents cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. The polio vaccine can be either administered in the inactivated form or the oral form, although both series comprises 4 doses and is also interchangeable in administration form so long all as 4 doses are completed.
The oral polio vaccine (OPV) is a live attenuated vaccine containing a mixture of one or more strains of poliovirus serotypes. Strains of the virus are selected based on their reduced incidence of spreading to the central nervous system but still having the ability to mimic the immune response that occurs after infection with the wild poliovirus. The vaccine is created by weakening the wildtype before being placed into the oral vaccine. After administration, OPV strains extensively multiply in the intestinal tract, becoming widely spread in the community to immunize a sizable proportion of those unvaccinated in the population. With administration, this vaccine prevents cases of paralytic poliomyelitis. The polio vaccine can be either administered in the inactivated form or the oral form, although both series comprises 4 doses and is also interchangeable in administration form so long all as 4 doses are completed.
The polio vaccine allows for the encounter of the polio virus by the immune system to be less threatening while still allowing for the body to mount a humoral response for protection against any future exposure of the virus. For the OPV specifically, upon administration, the vaccine elicits a local immune response in the intestinal mucous membranes, a location at which the poliovirus multiplies. Antibodies produced locally then will inhibit multiplication of following infections of the wildtype poliovirus.
