Avelumab
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Avelumab is an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody used to treat metastatic merkel cell carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, or renal cell carcinoma.
Avelumab is an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody used to treat metastatic merkel cell carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, or renal cell carcinoma.
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein and a co-inhibitory co-inhibitory immune checkpoint to suppress cytotoxic T-cell activity, proliferation, and cytokine production. It binds to PD receptor-1 (PD-1) and B7.1 receptors expressed on cytotoxic T cells and antigen-presenting cells to mediate its actions. PD-L1 is often expressed in tumours and surrounding tumour-infiltrating immune cells as an adaptive immune mechanism, decreasing the anti-tumour immune response in the tumour microenvironment. Avelumab binds PD-L1 and blocks its interaction with its receptors PD-1 and B7.1, disinhibiting PD-L1 effects on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and restoring anti-tumor immune responses.
Avelumab is indicated for the treatment of adults with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). In the US, it is also used in patients 12 years and older. It is also indicated as the maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), which has not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. In the US, avelumab is also indicated to treat locally advanced or metastatic UC with disease progression during or after platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. Avelumab is indicated, in combination with axitinib, for the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
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